Over the past several decades, Canada has experienced substantial changes in the formation of first union, mainly characterized by a decline in first marriage and upsurge in nonmarital cohabitation. Relying on male-oriented economic arguments, this study explores the relation of men's employment to their transition to first union, both first marriage and first cohabitation. Empirical findings, based on data from the 1995 General Social Survey (GSS-95), generally suggest that employment is positively associated with the formation of either type of first union, although with a greater effect on marriage than on cohabitation. Further, there is no evidence that the effect of employment on first union depends on the level of education. This study also conducts regional analysis in first union formation between Quebec men and other Canadian men. The findings imply that the effect of employment does not differ between the two regions in the process of first union. Incorporating marital and nonmarital unions in a single analysis, this study broadens our knowledge of the transition to first union of Canadian men.

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Common-law spousal relationships have become increasingly common with a growing number of Canadians electing to enter into them. This thesis appreciates the injustices suffered by common-law spouses during and at the termination of their spousal relationships, and reinforces the view that the denial of marital property benefits dishonors the dignity of common-law spouses. Common-law spouses experience similar needs as their married counterparts when the relationship ends. Most of the current functions of marriage can be fulfilled within common-law spousal relationships and should more appropriately be called functions of the family. / Both Canadian courts and the legislatures have acknowledged and responded to the injustices that often flow from power imbalances in unmarried persons' families and have thereby given increased recognition to common-law spousal relationships. They have taken stock of the fact that by not recognizing the rights of common-law spouses in Canada on the basis of their marital status is an affront to justice. Legislatures have also enacted various statutes and have amended existing ones to extend certain rights to common-law spouses. / The various ways in which the rights of common-law spouses have been recognized in Canada will be examined and discussed, in particular the remedial notion of constructive trust which is imposed by courts to prevent injustice and unjust enrichment. It is argued this notion of constructive trust has proven effective, especially in cases where property is being divided after a long-term intimate relationship. Common-law spouses have advanced constitutional challenges in their quest to benefit from marital benefits and protections in their relationships since it is argued that both relationships are functionally the same. / Finally, this thesis suggests lessons that can be learned from the Canadian developments of recognizing common-law spouses. It also concludes by examining similar developments that have taken place in other countries of Europe and Africa.