The thesis is focused on family in the early 21st century in the Czech Republic. The basic objective is to analyze important differences in for-family behaviour (in terms of traditional families) based on selected demographic indicators in regions and districts of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes basic concepts related to family, its functions and changes of the family. Czech families are studied mainly on evidence of selected statistical data published by the Czech Statistical Office. To determine the regional disparities, in approach to the concept of family at the district level, the synthetic indicator T has been designed. In the final part, the economic and social conditions (unemployment, education, etc.) affecting the people's approaches to the concept of family are examined within districts.

The thesis is focused on the current state of families in the Czech Republic and its individual regions. In addition to the basic characteristics of the family, this work captures the changes undergone by the family, especially in the areas of marriage and parenthood. The diploma thesis also analyzes the behavior of the Czech population through relevant statistical indicators, such as marriage, divorce, birth and fertility in the period of 1991-2008, both at the national level and at the district levels. Based on the analysed results of the statistical indicators, the author assesses whether there exist differences between individual regions of the Czech Republic, which relate to the family behavior of the population.

This dissertation consists of four chapters on the economics of marriage and divorce in Iran. The first chapter outlines major forces driving the recent transitions in Iran's marriage market. Age structure of the population, the rise of women's education, marriage and divorce laws, and fertility decline are the four main forces influencing marriage transitions, that is, the age of marriage, couple's age and education gaps, quality of marriage (stability, education status of children), and women's power within marriage. Chapter two looks at the change in age structure that influences the sex ratio. I consider the influence of the sex ratio on couples' age and education gaps using data from multiple national surveys from 1984-2007. The findings of this chapter show that a lower sex ratio, i.e. a greater supply of marriage-age women, increases the bargaining power of men at the time of marriage and thereby increases their ability to marry younger and more educated women. In chapter three, I evaluate the effects of demographic change, the sex ratio, and policy change, particularly the provision of family planning programs through health clinics on delayed marriage in rural Iran. I use data from Iran's 2000 Demographic and Health Survey to estimate a hazard model of timing of marriage. The results show that a lower sex ratio decreases the chances of a woman finding a man five years older, and easier access to family planning decreases her probability of marriage. In chapter four, I provide a legal history of Iran's marriage and divorce laws and then discuss how changes in the legal structure of marriage and divorce alter the terms of marital bargaining and force women to circumvent inequitable Iranian laws to improve their position. Then, I present a model of how Mahrieh could improve a woman's position within the household in light of the unequal divorce rights favoring men. As women cannot exit their marriage, they request a conditional and legally enforceable bond known as Mahrieh from their husbands to secure themselves against the risks of divorce or maltreatment within marriage. / Ph. D.

My thesis deals with demographic development of Czech population in 1995 - 2011. Basically the demography is science that analyzes the reproduction of the human population and suggests how the population will change in the future. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I will discuss literal review of the chosen topic. This theoretical part was divided into 3 sections. I define demography as a science, demographic development of Czech Republic and geographic information systems. In the application part of my work I will analyze the demographic development in practical way. I will analyze demographic trends on the level of municipalities with extended competence (ORP). The basis for the creation of demographic trends will create quality database of ORP, where will be included basic demographic indicators, which are mortality, natality, abortion, marriage, divorce rate and migration

The main goal of the thesis is to analyze the basic indicators of marriage rate, divorce rate and the proportion of live births outside marriage. The first part is focused on the evaluation of the past and present development of the selected indicators. The thesis also includes a prediction of the future development of these indicators by using the Box-Jenkins methodology. The last part is dedicated to an international comparison of marriage, divorce and non-marital fertility indicators in the selected countries of the European Union. Moreover, the last part also includes a cluster analysis, where countries are divided into homogeneous groups according to the selected indicators.

Carmen de Burgos est morte en 1932, laissant derrière elle une œuvre écrite considérable : des milliers d’articles publiés dans différents journaux, des essais, des romans et des centaines de novelas cortas. L’œuvre et le souvenir de cette militante pour les droits de la femme furent condamnés à l’oubli pendant la dictature franquiste. C’est à la redécouverte et à l’analyse de cette œuvre, dans ses divers aspects, qu’est consacrée cette thèse. Nous y avons cherché les constantes mais aussi les évolutions. Carmen de Burgos a, en effet, évolué dans sa conception du rôle de la femme et des droits qu’elle devait conquérir. Au départ elle centrait plutôt son combat sur l’obtention de droits juridiques et sociaux plus égalitaires. Elle revendiquait une meilleure éducation pour les filles, éducation qui permettrait de travailler dignement et d’acquérir ainsi une indépendance économique. Elle militait pour le droit au divorce. Néanmoins, très vite elle comprendra que le changement ne pourra se faire qu’à travers les urnes et prendra donc très ouvertement des positions en faveur du suffrage féminin, allant jusqu’à organiser la première manifestation de rue en faveur du vote. Les fictions qu'elle a écrites ont été en général considérées comme de la littérature militante, sans grand intérêt littéraire. C'est pourquoi, après avoir étudié en quoi les intrigues, les dénouements et la construction des personnages étaient au service de la cause défendue, nous avons cherché à évaluer la qualité littéraire, qui ne nous a pas paru négligeable, de cette œuvre. Nous avons aussi voulu déterminer si son œuvre de fiction n’était qu’un outil au service des causes qu’elle défendait ou si elle offrait de réelles qualités littéraires. / Carmen de Burgos died in 1932, leaving behind a considerable amount of written material: thousands of articles published in different newspapers, essays, novels and hundreds of “novelas cortas”. The works and the memory of this women’s rights activist were doomed to oblivion during Franco’s dictatorship. This thesis aims to rediscover and analyse these works from its various perspectives. We have been looking for the constant trends but also the evolutions. Carmen de Burgos has indeed evolved in her conception of the woman’s role and of the rights she had to acquire. In the early stages of her fight, she had been mainly focusing on the acquisition of equalitarian legal and social rights. She claimed a better education for girls; education that would allow them to work with dignity and gain economical independence. She was campaigning for the right to divorce. Nevertheless, she soon understood that change could only occur through the ballot boxes and would thus very openly stood in favour of women’s right to vote, up to the point of organising the first street demonstration in favour of women’s vote. The fictions she wrote were, in general, considered activist literature, without a great literary interest. That’s why after having studied in which ways the plots, the denouements and the construction of the characters were serving the cause of women, we tried to evaluate the literary quality of the work, which appeared to us to have some significance. We also wanted to determine if her fiction work was just a tool serving the causes she was defending or if it offered some really good quality literature.

Population development in Sweden since 1960 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the population development in Sweden between 1960 and 2018. The main goal of this work is to evaluate in the context of selected demographic characteristics the course of demographic changes that appeared in the country after 1960. The result is changes in the level of demographic reproduction, which are referred to as the second demographic transition. From the 1960s to the present, Sweden has seen an increase in the average age at first marriage, an increase in the average age of the mother giving birth and an increase in the number of divorces. During the observed period, the Swedish population aged, the share of the pre-productive component of the population decreased, while the share of the post-productive component in the population increased. The development of total fertility in Sweden is often compared to a roller coaster due to its specific fluctuation. From 1960 to 2018, Sweden saw a decline in mortality rates, especially in the older age groups and up to one year of age, which was reflected in the values of life expectancy at birth that grew for both men and women. Sweden is inspiring for other European countries with its gender-neutral family and social policy. Keywords: population development, Sweden, second...