Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1907. / Includes index. Bibliography: p. 64-66.

Thesis (Doctorat nouveau régime en histoire)--Université des sciences humaines de Strasbourg, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [669)-760).

Thesis (doctoral)--Pontificia Universitas Lateranensis, 1989. / Subtitle on cover: Annang case survey. Includes bibliographical references (p. [177]-187).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 356-388) and index.

這篇論文以出土青銅禮器為主要研究對象，結合傳世文獻，嘗試對西周到 春秋時期周人貴族階層的婚姻加以討論。鑒於婚姻在周代禮儀制度當中具有相 當突出的地位，考察婚姻在一個以宗族為主體、以禮儀為規範的社會當中如何 運作和演變，就成了本文最為關切的問題。依據「西周」和「春秋」的分期，論文被分為「上編」和「下編」兩部分 進行撰寫。在整理和考察出土文獻中所記載的婚姻關係之後，文章著重討論了西周貴族婚姻所奠基的社會和政治基礎，由此揭示了西周時期兩大貴族群體在 婚姻方面的不同習慣與特點。儘管在西周時期，一系列植根於獨特政治和社會 土壤的婚姻原則已經開始形成，但隨著宗周覆滅，春秋時期已無法在原有的政 治、社會機制上維持周人貴族固有的婚姻習慣。即便在諸侯國地區延續和維持 了一部分西周的婚姻原則及婚姻禮儀，但這種維持實際為了應對新的時代局勢， 其中依然包含了許多對舊有婚姻制度和禮儀的改造。最後，通過討論在「禮儀」 框架下兩個時代在安置婚姻事務方面所呈現出來的不同特點，本論文進而試圖 對「禮儀」在這一階段婚姻活動中所起到的作用進行回顧。

Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika se samelewingstrukture beleef tans 'n grootskaalse morele aanslag wat manifesteer in verskeie patologiese verskynsels waarvan gebrekkige huweliksverhoudings een van die belangrikste vorm. Verwestersing word deur die literatuurbevindinge van die onderhawige studie uitgesonder as die enkele grootste oorsaak van disfunksionele huweliksverhoudings in swart geledere. Die Westerse kultuur het 'n uiteenlopende impak op swart mans en vrouens. Die vrou bevind haar as gevolg van verwestersing in In baie gunstiger posisiel terwyl die man vanwee verwestersing baie in terme van status en gesag prysgee. Dit is gevolglik verstaanbaar dat hy in In groot mate waarde bly heg aan die tradisionele kultuur wat hom bevoordeel het. Hierdie spanning tussen tradisionele en Westerse gebruike het tot gevolg dat man en vrou die huwelik met verskillende verwagtings betree. In terme van die fokus van die onderhawige studie het die vraag ontstaan of die swart persoon wat formele opleiding ondergaan in dieselfde mate die dilemma van kulturele verskeurdheid ondervind soos wat in tersaaklike literatuur voorgehou word. Hierdie studie handel spesifiek oor die invloed van Westerse en tradisionele inhoude op die huweliksverwagtings van die formeel opgeleide swart laat­ adolessent. By wyse van In empiriese ondersoek, aangevul deur literatuurgegewens, is bepaal in watter mate voorgenoemde diskrepansie by die formeel opgeleide swart laat-adolessent voorkom. Die volgende geld as die belangrikste bevindinge aangaande hierdie groep: • Hulle beskou hulself deurgaans as verwesters. • Die voltallige nukleere gesin word as die ideale gesinsvorm beskou. • Hulle is deurgaans begerig dat die ilobolotransaksie deel van die huweliksluiting vorm. • Die meerderheid verwerp die opsie om kinderloos in die huwelik te bly. • In hul verwagtings word 'n hoe prioriteit geplaas op kenmerke van die Westerse huwelik, naamlik + kommunikasie, + probleme wat onderling deur huweliksmaats bespreek word, + emosionele ondersteuning, + gelykheid en vennootskap in die huwelik, en + getrouheid in die huwelik. • Albei geslagte is genee om 'n huweliksvoorbereidingprogram byte woon. • Spesifieke potensiele huweliksprobleemareas het te make met + fisiese aanranding, + alkoholmisbruik, en + buite-egtelike verhoudings. Die stand van sake impliseer dat die formeel opgeleide swart laat-adolessent 'n eiesoortige huweliksvoorbereidingsprogram benodig wat hom/haar vir Westerse huwelikseise toerus, maar wat ook voorsiening maak vir tradisionele insprake wat steeds 'n appel tot hom/haar rig. / Societal structures in South Africa are currently experiencing a large-scale moral onslaught that is manifested in a variety of pathological phenomena - deficient marital relationships constitute one of the most important of these. Westernisation is singled out by the literature findings in this study as being the single most important cause of dysfunctional marital relationships among blacks. The Western culture has a quite dissimilar impact on black men and black women. Westernisation leads to the woman finding herself in a much more favourable position, while it demands from the black man an enormous sacrifice in terms of status and authority. He, understandably, remains to a large degree attached to the traditional culture that used to favour him. This tension between traditional and Western custom leads to men and women approaching marriage with divergent expectations. In terms of the focus of this study, the question arises as to whether the black person who has been formally trained experiences the dilemma of being culturally torn apart to the same extent as has emerged from the relevant literature on the subject. The present study deals specifically with the effect of Western and traditional contents on the marriage expectations of the formally trained black late adolescent. An empirical investigation, supplemented by data from the literature, has been used to determine the extent to which the already mentioned discrepancy occurs among formally trained black late adolescents. The following are the most important findings with regard to this group: • They generally consider themselves as being westernised. • The complete nuclear family is regarded as the ideal type of family. • They are generally keen to have the ilobolo transaction form part of the marriage contract. • The majority rejects the option of remaining childless in marriage. • In their expectations a high priority is given to the characteristics of the Western-type marriage, i.e. + communication, + problems being mutually discussed by marriage partners, + emotional support, + equality and partnership in marriage, and + faithfulness to the marriage partner. • Specific potential matrimonial problem areas concern + physical assault, + alcohol abuse, and + extramarital relationships. This state of affairs implies that the formally trained black late adolescent needs a unique marriage preparation programme that would equip him/her for the demands of a Western-type marriage, but that would also make provision for traditional demands that are still appealing to him/her. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Magister Legum - LLM / This research aimed to undertake an investigation into the question of whether after divorce, in the matrilineal customary law marriage in Malawi, women's rights are severely violated. The study showed causes of divorce, how proceedings are done, how issues of property are handled, how the issue of custody of children and maintenance are also handled. All this was weighed against the constitutional provisions and international law. / South Africa

Authority as it operates in the daily lives of married women in Gcaleka society is reinforced and maintained by a body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances constitute part of the control system in the society whereby wives are being 'kept in their place'. Avoidances do not only restrict her, but also safeguard her position and her interests. Lines of authority emerge through the process of interaction; the structure reveals itself as avoidances are acted out in time and space. This study was conducted in Qwaninga, an administrative area in the coastal area of the Willowvale district, Transkei. The research started out as a study of ritual impurity and the status of women in a traditional, 'red' Gcaleka society. It soon became clear that pollution practices and beliefs associated with women form part of a greater body of avoidances which women need to observe during their married lives. Avoidances entail economic, dietary, sexual, linguistic and spatial prohibitions; as well as restrictions concerning what a woman is supposed to wear, and her withdrawal from social life. These restrictions are enforced through certain ritual and other sanctions. Three forms of avoidances are identified in this study, and are discussed and analysed. Avoidances are found in the everyday male/female division in society; in the ways through which the wife shows respect towards her husband and her in-laws (especially her husband's ancestors); and in the reproductive situations a woman finds herself in from time to time. In many anthropological studies in the past women have often been hidden in the background. This study is an attempt to give women the prominence they should be given, to show that nonwestern women are not as subordinated as people in Western society like to assume. In Gcaleka society the authority structure affecting the position of women is not only based on a distinction being made between males and females. It will be shown that a finer authority structure operates in this society whereby gender as well as age and kinship distinctions are being made. These distinctions constitute a system of classification which is safeguarded and protected by the avoidances and other restrictions imposed on women.

Theses (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2014

The focus of this research was to obtain, specifically, data on the marriage customs of the Druze in the Shouf Mountains of southeastern Lebanon. Ten Druze informants were selected and classified according to sex, age, marital status and religious status (sheik/sheika). A detailed questionnaire was designed to use during the interviews with these informants. However, after two interviews, it became apparent that a variable questionnaire was necessary to take advantage of the new, richly-detailed, cultural information that emerged with each informant. New questions were developed, in the field, to reflect and gather this new ethnographic data on Druze marriage customs.