The Marshall Plan and post-2003 Iraq represent the two largest US-led, post-war reconstruction projects in history, yet the two cases embody the implementation of two nearly opposite political ideologies. Whereas proponents of the Marshall Plan emphasized the supremacy of the state in reconstruction, Bush administration officials felt that neoliberal market reforms, aided by the opportunistic nature of Schumpetarian creative destruction, were the only legitimate steps required in post-war Iraq. Such discrepancies were largely due to the changing role of the US in the international arena; by the end of the Cold War, Washington was able to take a unilateral approach abroad and more actively push for political and free market reforms. Yet the sectarian chaos that quickly engulfed Iraq and the economic rise of China have all but delegitimized neoliberalism and effectively reopened the issue of the role of the marketplace versus the state in the 21st century.

Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2007.

Thesis--Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze. Fakulta mezinárodních vztahů, 1995.

With a deep conviction that this study will be useful to those who would better understand contemporary foreign policy, "The Legislative Origins of the Marshall Plan" is written with the following purposes: (1) to discover the origin and motives of the Marshall plan, (2) to discover the effect of the world-wide tours made by Congressmen in 1947 upon the legislative processes in the Marshall plan, (3) to compare and evaluate the respective contributions of the two houses of Congress to the Marshall plan, (4) to ascertain whether the Marshall plan is an economic, political, or humanitarian instrument, and (5) to evaluate the domestic effects, both governmental and economic, and to project them into the future.

Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2003. / Thesis advisors: Heather Prescott and Norton Mezvinsky. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79). Also available via the World Wide Web.

The diploma thesis is focused on the economic support to Czechoslovakia, especially offered by the U.S.A. in the period between 1945 - 1948 and its reaction in the historical daily press. One of the goals is to specify what led the United States to organize this aid, based on the evaluation of the Truman's foreign policy, as the beginning of the Cold War. There are described position and development of the Czechoslovak economy and its problematic foreign policy orientation between the West and the Soviet Union, in which the provision and acceptance of foreign aid has become a key element. The author tries to define the most outstanding journalistic personalities, journals and historical newspaper which created the media image of what was happening on the Czechoslovak political scene to the general public. The main finding of this study is the presentation of the historical contemporary press which played an important role in the communist propaganda that since the end of the war helped the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to the takeover in 1948.

George Marshall's speech to an audience at Harvard University in June of 1947 announced a plan that eventually made its way through the United States congress and took the form of the European Recovery Plan (ERP). The ERP distributed roughly thirteen billion dollars in aid to sixteen European countries. The ECA grew out of this program as the managerial arm of the ERP. The ECA's propaganda campaign included pamphlets, posters, radio broadcasts, traveling puppet shows, and finally 250 films created between 1949-1953. Marshall Plan Films discussed productivity, multilateral trade, and labor unions. For Marshall Planners these issues were the key to both revitalizing the European economy, and creating a self sustaining Europe. In film, Europeans could see not only the modernizing techniques, building projects, and examples of Marshall Plan, but they were treated to visions of the American lifestyle as well. This study is an attempt to explicate the meanings and messages in the Marshall Plan Filmography. The Marshall Plan launched a massive propaganda campaign in an attempt to reformat the ideals of Europeans. The Plan was ostensibly an attempt to combat Communism as well as to re-vamp the economy of Europe. However, the films presented American ideals as something to aspire to: not only in business, but also in living everyday life. By stressing consumption over conservation and massive production over craftsmanship, the films told Europeans what America thought was best for them, and what would be beneficial for their future. Marshall Planners effectively sought to make Europe into a new, more American, place to live. / Master of Arts

The daily Právo lidu (Peoples' Rights), a paper of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), started to be published 12 of May 1945, immediately after a forced break during the Second World War. However, its renewed edition did not last much longer than mere three years. After the Social Democratic Party merged with the Communist Party the newspaper was closed, or more precisely "diverted" under the auspices of Rudé právo (Red right), the central organ of the Communist Party. My aim in writing this thesis is a study of this period as such, its presentation on the pages of Právo lidu, or a presentation of some major historical events on the pages of the diary and the form of the paper itself. The work is therefore divided into two main parts. The first is a theoretical introduction describing pivotal moments in the development of post-war Czechoslovakia, where I am focusing on the description of the aspects that shaped the period, formed the internal political situation and directed the former Czechoslovakia into the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the very analysis of the diary in the years 1945 - 1948, its form, its way of distributing the information and describing certain political moments, as well as the anchorage of the daily in party structures. A...

Text in English / This thesis is an attempt to investigate how local churches (re)define their international orientation in response to the shockwaves of globalisation and their interpretation of the signs of the times. The analysis is guided by the key dimensions of interdependence, responsibility, and partnership. The local church is expected to have reached an increasing awareness of interdependence in her international relationships by the emergence of the postmodern systemic paradigm as never before in the history of the ecumenical movement. Consequently, this results in a sense of responsibility developing directly from a prophetic reading and an interpretation of the signs of the times as well as in a receptivity to be fertilised by international impulses. The local church is perceived by both individual Christians and pastors as direct platform for international responsibility. The wounds of the world, the needy and the suffering are suggested as inviting primary responses of local churches in the North. International church partnerships are investigated as practical attempts to live out interdependent relationships, to translate the sense of responsibility into action, and to receive fertilisation from the partner churches. Qualitative case studies from Reformed, United (Lutheran/Reformed) and Free churches present a status analysis of churches regarding the points under discussion. The tendency is observed that pastors inc~easingly look for ways alternative to the old ecumenical structures, which are characterised by rich/poor and donor/recipient relationships, thus operating their churches with free initiative and association. Studies regularly narrow down topics to interdependence, postmodernism, development, development politics, church development services, international partnerships, ecumenical learning, etc. Often recommendations for action are made based on the one single area of research presented. In this study, however, it is argued that pastors and churches do not derive their decisions and programmes from considerations of one single area, but they consider all these areas together. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

This thesis deals with the influence of the Marshall Plan for Great Britain. The goal is to characterize the contribution of European Recovery Programme for the island state. It focuses on the development of the policy and the economy of Great Britain after the Second World War in 1945 - 1948. It reflects British-American relations during this period. It mentions the impact of the Marshall Plan from a global perspective, both economically and politically. It analyzes the economic assistance provided by Great Britain, individual negotiations about the size of assistance, the impact of the program, interim opinions of British government and directions for future development of London.