Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2001. / Thesis advisor: Bradley Waite. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-72). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Inaug.-diss.--Göttingen.

Thesis (doctoral)--Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Westf.), 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 276-294).

Thesis (M.A.R.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).

Scholars examining gender bias in elections have found that voters stereotypical expectations of women and men candidates affect their vote choice. This dissertation examines gender stereotypes from the perspective of campaigns. Specifically, I examine how ad, candidate and election variables interact with gender stereotypes to determine the use of emotions in political ads. My analysis contains ad data for the 2008 Senate, House and gubernatorial races gathered from the Wisconsin Advertising Project, combined with original content analysis of 1,170,728 ad airings (3,424 unique ads). The results indicate that campaigns use of fear, anger, enthusiasm and hope appeals depends to a great extent on gender stereotypes, and that this relationship is conditional on other factors such as the gender of the opponent, the level of the office, and the competitiveness of the election.

Electrospray (ES)-based ambient ionization techniques have been rapidly developed and became indispensable tools for direct sample analysis using mass spectrometry. In this study, it was found that with the use of porous substrate, analytes present in complex samples could be detected by directly introducing untreated sample on porous tips. Moreover, the specific feature, micro-channels of the porous tips, allows efficient sample loading and facilitates electrospray ionization (ESI), which is beneficial for the direct sample analysis. Systematic study on the influences of the physical and chemical factors of various porous materials (polyester, polyethylene and wood) on the detection sensitivity and ionization efficiency was firstly investigated. It was found that the chemical interaction between the porous materials and analytes could significantly affect the detection sensitivity for analytes. Hydrophobic spraying tips showed better detection sensitivity for polar analytes while better detection for non-polar analytes was obtained when hydrophilic spraying tip was used. Moreover, the electrostatic properties of spraying tips could also affect the detection sensitivity for analytes. Hydrophobic materials (i.e., polyethylene and polyester) which tend to form negative charge on the surface could facilitate the ionization of analytes in negative ion mode. With a clear understanding of the effect of porous spraying materials on detection sensitivity, tip spray ionization mass spectrometric method was developed and successfully applied to direct analysis of pharmaceutical, forensic, clinical and food samples. Rotary sample stages compatible to the ion source of two commercial mass spectrometers were designed and constructed for the automation of tip spray ionization mass spectrometry, which allowed the analysis of 12 samples in less than 15 minutes. In addition, instead of using porous substrates for the sample deposition, the developed technique was further applied to the direct chemical analysis of American ginseng tissue, demonstrating the feasibility of performing direct analysis on raw herbs in solid state. / published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The press was outraged when reports in 1973 exposed the CIAs use of American journalists as undercover informants during the Cold War. The CIA-journalists link represented for the press a shocking break in the traditional line between journalists and government. A study of journalist Carl W. Ackermans experiences in the First World War suggests, however, that the CIA-journalists link has historical precedents in the practices of twentieth-century reporters. Ackerman, who later became the first dean of Columbia Journalism School, sent confidential reports to the State Department while reporting overseas for magazines and newspapers. He forged close relationships with a number of American and foreign government officials, offering them his cooperation and service. This thesis details Ackermans cooperation with government during the Great War and is the first step to an understanding of the systematic, close relationship between numerous progressive journalists and the Wilson Administration.

Television news plays an increasingly important role in the interpretation of political events for most Americans, particularly when negative outcomes demand responsibility. The aim of this study was to assess if the major networks attributed more blame to the Republican Congress than to the President in their broadcast coverage of the 1995-1996 federal government shutdowns, to examine the news framing of this event, and to examine the characteristics of the audiovisual messages. Findings suggest that the Republican Congress was blamed more for the shutdowns and received more negative audio and visual attributions than the President. Findings suggest that while the networks presented the shutdowns through more strategy than issue frames, a human-interest frame was identified as a dominant theme throughout the coverage. Results did not support the hypothesized relationship between frames and visual images. Theoretical, methodological and applied implications for political media and suggestions for future research are advanced.

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