Global ETD Search

1	Methods to Prepare DNA for Efficient Massive Sequencing Lundin, Sverker January 2012 (has links) Massive sequencing has transformed the field of genome biology due to the continuous introduction and evolution of new methods. In recent years, the technologies available to read through genomes have undergone an unprecedented rate of development in terms of cost-reduction. Generating sequence data has essentially ceased to be a bottleneck for analyzing genomes instead to be replaced by limitations in sample preparation and data analysis. In this work, new strategies are presented to increase both the throughput of library generation prior to sequencing, and the informational content of libraries to aid post-sequencing data processing. The protocols developed aim to enable new possibilities for genome research concerning project scale and sequence complexity. The first two papers that underpin this thesis deal with scaling library production by means of automation. Automated library preparation is first described for the 454 sequencing system based on a generic solid-phase polyethylene-glycol precipitation protocol for automated DNA handling. This was one of the first descriptions of automated sample handling for producing next generation sequencing libraries, and substantially improved sample throughput. Building on these results, the use of a double precipitation strategy to replace the manual agarose gel excision step for Illumina sequencing is presented. This protocol considerably improved the scalability of library construction for Illumina sequencing. The third and fourth papers present advanced strategies for library tagging in order to multiplex the information available in each library. First, a dual tagging strategy for massive sequencing is described in which two sets of tags are added to a library to trace back the origins of up to 4992 amplicons using 122 tags. The tagging strategy takes advantage of the previously automated pipeline and was used for the simultaneous sequencing of 3700 amplicons. Following that, an enzymatic protocol was developed to degrade long range PCR-amplicons and forming triple-tagged libraries containing information of sample origin, clonal origin and local positioning for the short-read sequences. Through tagging, this protocol makes it possible to analyze a longer continuous sequence region than would be possible based on the read length of the sequencing system alone. The fifth study investigates commonly used enzymes for constructing libraries for massive sequencing. We analyze restriction enzymes capable of digesting unknown sequences located some distance from their recognition sequence. Some of these enzymes have previously been extensively used for massive nucleic acid analysis. In this first high throughput study of such enzymes, we investigated their restriction specificity in terms of the distance from the recognition site and their sequence dependence. The phenomenon of slippage is characterized and shown to vary significantly between enzymes. The results obtained should favor future protocol development and enzymatic understanding. Through these papers, this work aspire to aid the development of methods for massive sequencing in terms of scale, quality and knowledge; thereby contributing to the general applicability of the new paradigm of sequencing instruments. / <p>QC 20121126</p> DNA Massive sequencing Next Generation Sequencing Library Preparation Barcoding Multiplexing
2	Hidrólise e fermentação de papel em lisímetro para recuperação de compostos de interesse biotecnológico / Hydrolysis and fermentation of office paper in lysimeter for recovery of compounds of biotechnological interest Lívia Silva Botta 26 August 2016 (has links) Neste trabalho avaliou-se a produção de compostos de interesse biotecnológico potenciais vetores energéticos a partir de papel em lisímetros (20L), usando-se consórcio microbiano enriquecido do fluido de rúmen. Para tanto, foi realizado um delineamento composto central (DCC) para verificar a influência de três variáveis independentes na conversão de papel sulfite a hidrogênio e outros compostos orgânicos em lisímetro de bancada. As variáveis testadas foram massa de papel (X1: 500g, 750g e 1000g), teor de umidade papel (X2: 50%, 65% e 80%), e temperatura (X3:35°C, 45°C e 55°C). As respostas avaliadas no DCC foram produção de hidrogênio (Y1; mmol), ácido acético (Y2; mg/L), etanol (Y3; mg/L) e metanol (Y4; mg/L). Para o monitoramento dos lisímetros em relação à hidrólise e fermentação do papel, foram analisados biogás (H2, N2, CO2 e CH4) e a concentração de compostos no percolado, como açúcares totais, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), ácidos orgânicos voláteis (AOVs) e álcoois. Além disso, monitorou-se o pH, alcalinidade e sólidos totais. Sequenciamento massivo do gene RNAr 16S via Plataforma Illumina foi usado para identificação dos micro-organismos do fluido de rúmen in natura, do consórcio enriquecido, e daqueles dos lisímetros R2, R5 e R9. Produção de hidrogênio só foi observada nos lisímetros R1 (25 mmol), R2 (35 mmol) e R5 (3 mmol), sendo os três com umidade inicial de 80%. Em R1 e R2, observou-se elevadas concentrações de ácido acético, de 21.500 e 17.000 mg/L, respectivamente, provavelmente devido à ocorrência de homoacetogênese. Sob temperatura termofílica, especialmente em R5, observou-se consumo de hidrogênio, e produção de etanol (2.300 mg/L) e metanol (5.600 mg/L). Na condição de 80% de umidade (R1, R2, R5, R6), verificou-se maiores percentuais de remoção de papel e atividade fermentativa mais acentuada, ao passo que abaixo de 80%, o desenvolvimento microbiano foi desfavorecido, independente da temperatura. Verificou-se consumo muito reduzido de papel e baixas concentrações de AOVs e álcoois para R3, R4, R7 e R8, todos com 50% umidade. Em R9 e R10, operados a 45 °C e 65% de umidade, também verificou-se produção atenuada de AOVs e álcoois, com ausência de hidrogênio. Por meio do DCC, observou-se efeito estatisticamente significativo da umidade do papel na produção de hidrogênio, ácido acético e etanol. Em relação à temperatura, verificou-se efeito positivo estatisticamente significativo na produção de hidrogênio e ácido acético. Por fim, para a massa de papel não se verificou nenhum efeito sobre as respostas analisadas. Os gêneros de bactérias mais abundantes foram: Prevotella no fluido de rúmen in natura (F.N.) Dysgonomonas no fluido de rúmen enriquecido e em R2 (35°C), Thermicanus em R5 (55°C) e Phaeospirillum em R9 (45ºC). A umidade foi o parâmetro mais determinante para promover a hidrólise e fermentação do papel; a temperatura foi a principal variável de influência na estrutura das comunidades microbianas dos lisímetros, confirmada pelas diferentes rotas metabólicas observadas sob temperatura mesofílica e termofílica; e os rendimentos de produção dos compostos não foram influenciados pela massa de papel adicionada aos lisímetros. / This study evaluated the production of compounds of biotechnological interest and potential energy vectors from office paper in lysimeters (20L), using a microbial consortium purified from rumen fluid. A central composite design (CCD) was performed to verify the influence of three independent variables on paper conversion to hydrogen and other organic compounds in bench lysimeter. The tested variables were: mass of paper (x1: 500g, 750g and 1000g), moisture content (x2: 50%, 65% and 80%), and incubation temperature (x3: 35°C, 45°C and 55°C). The dependent variables of CCD were production of hydrogen (Y1: mmol), acetic acid (Y2: mg/L), ethanol (Y3:mg/L) and metanol (Y4:mg/L). For monitoring the lysimeters in relation to paper hydrolysis and fermentation, analyses of biogas (H2, N2, CO2 and CH4) and the organic compounds' concentrations in the leachate, such as, total sugars, chemical oxygem demand, volatile organic acids (VOA's) and alcohols were conducted during operation. Alcalinity, pH and total solids content of the leachate were also monitored. Massive sequencing of rRNA 16S (Illumina) was carried out for identification of the microorganisms of the in natura rumen fluid, the purified consortium, and those collected from lysimeters R2, R5 and R9. Hydrogen production was detected only in lysimeters R1 (25 mmol), R2 (35 mmol) and R5 (3 mmol), all of them operated with 80% of moisture content. In R1 and R2, high concentrations of acetic acid, of 21.500 and 17.000, respectively, were due to the likely occurrence of homoacetogenesis. Under thermophilic temperature, especially R5, the hydrogen production was detected in low quantity, and the highlight was the production of ethanol and methanol, with concentrations around 2.300 and 5.600 mg/L, respectively. At 80% moisture condition (R1, R2, R5, R6), high percentages of paper removal and sharp fermentative activity were observed. However, at lower moisture conditions, the microbial growth was unfavored, independent of the temperature. Low paper consumption and reduced concentrations of OVA's and alcohols were detected in R3, R4, R7 and R8, all of them operated with 50% of moisture content. In R9 and R10, operated at 45°C and 65% of moisture, there was also attenuated production of VOA\'s and alcohols, with absence of hydrogen. According to CCD statistical analysis, paper moisture content had positive effect statistically significative on hydrogen, acetic acid and etanol production. The temperature had positive effect on hydrogen and acetic acid production. And the mass of paper dit not have effect statistically significative for any dependent variables. The most abundant bacterial genus was: Prevotella in the in natura rumen fluid (F.N.) Dysgonomonas in the purified consortium and R2 (35 oC), Thermicanus in R5 (55°C) and Phaeospirillum in R9 (45° C). In conclusion, moisture content was the main parameter to promote paper hydrolysis and fermentation; temperature was the principal variable that influenced the structure of microbial community, confirmed by the different metabolic route observed under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions; and the production yields of the compounds were not influenced by the mass of paper added to the lysimeters. Delineamento composto central (DCC) Hidrogênio - Etanol - Ácido acético Sequenciamento massivo Temperatura mesofílica Temperatura termofílica Hydrogen - Ethanol - Acetic acid Massive sequencing Mesophilic condition Thermophilic condition
3	Hidrólise e fermentação de papel em lisímetro para recuperação de compostos de interesse biotecnológico / Hydrolysis and fermentation of office paper in lysimeter for recovery of compounds of biotechnological interest Botta, Lívia Silva 26 August 2016 (has links) Neste trabalho avaliou-se a produção de compostos de interesse biotecnológico potenciais vetores energéticos a partir de papel em lisímetros (20L), usando-se consórcio microbiano enriquecido do fluido de rúmen. Para tanto, foi realizado um delineamento composto central (DCC) para verificar a influência de três variáveis independentes na conversão de papel sulfite a hidrogênio e outros compostos orgânicos em lisímetro de bancada. As variáveis testadas foram massa de papel (X1: 500g, 750g e 1000g), teor de umidade papel (X2: 50%, 65% e 80%), e temperatura (X3:35°C, 45°C e 55°C). As respostas avaliadas no DCC foram produção de hidrogênio (Y1; mmol), ácido acético (Y2; mg/L), etanol (Y3; mg/L) e metanol (Y4; mg/L). Para o monitoramento dos lisímetros em relação à hidrólise e fermentação do papel, foram analisados biogás (H2, N2, CO2 e CH4) e a concentração de compostos no percolado, como açúcares totais, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), ácidos orgânicos voláteis (AOVs) e álcoois. Além disso, monitorou-se o pH, alcalinidade e sólidos totais. Sequenciamento massivo do gene RNAr 16S via Plataforma Illumina foi usado para identificação dos micro-organismos do fluido de rúmen in natura, do consórcio enriquecido, e daqueles dos lisímetros R2, R5 e R9. Produção de hidrogênio só foi observada nos lisímetros R1 (25 mmol), R2 (35 mmol) e R5 (3 mmol), sendo os três com umidade inicial de 80%. Em R1 e R2, observou-se elevadas concentrações de ácido acético, de 21.500 e 17.000 mg/L, respectivamente, provavelmente devido à ocorrência de homoacetogênese. Sob temperatura termofílica, especialmente em R5, observou-se consumo de hidrogênio, e produção de etanol (2.300 mg/L) e metanol (5.600 mg/L). Na condição de 80% de umidade (R1, R2, R5, R6), verificou-se maiores percentuais de remoção de papel e atividade fermentativa mais acentuada, ao passo que abaixo de 80%, o desenvolvimento microbiano foi desfavorecido, independente da temperatura. Verificou-se consumo muito reduzido de papel e baixas concentrações de AOVs e álcoois para R3, R4, R7 e R8, todos com 50% umidade. Em R9 e R10, operados a 45 °C e 65% de umidade, também verificou-se produção atenuada de AOVs e álcoois, com ausência de hidrogênio. Por meio do DCC, observou-se efeito estatisticamente significativo da umidade do papel na produção de hidrogênio, ácido acético e etanol. Em relação à temperatura, verificou-se efeito positivo estatisticamente significativo na produção de hidrogênio e ácido acético. Por fim, para a massa de papel não se verificou nenhum efeito sobre as respostas analisadas. Os gêneros de bactérias mais abundantes foram: Prevotella no fluido de rúmen in natura (F.N.) Dysgonomonas no fluido de rúmen enriquecido e em R2 (35°C), Thermicanus em R5 (55°C) e Phaeospirillum em R9 (45ºC). A umidade foi o parâmetro mais determinante para promover a hidrólise e fermentação do papel; a temperatura foi a principal variável de influência na estrutura das comunidades microbianas dos lisímetros, confirmada pelas diferentes rotas metabólicas observadas sob temperatura mesofílica e termofílica; e os rendimentos de produção dos compostos não foram influenciados pela massa de papel adicionada aos lisímetros. / This study evaluated the production of compounds of biotechnological interest and potential energy vectors from office paper in lysimeters (20L), using a microbial consortium purified from rumen fluid. A central composite design (CCD) was performed to verify the influence of three independent variables on paper conversion to hydrogen and other organic compounds in bench lysimeter. The tested variables were: mass of paper (x1: 500g, 750g and 1000g), moisture content (x2: 50%, 65% and 80%), and incubation temperature (x3: 35°C, 45°C and 55°C). The dependent variables of CCD were production of hydrogen (Y1: mmol), acetic acid (Y2: mg/L), ethanol (Y3:mg/L) and metanol (Y4:mg/L). For monitoring the lysimeters in relation to paper hydrolysis and fermentation, analyses of biogas (H2, N2, CO2 and CH4) and the organic compounds' concentrations in the leachate, such as, total sugars, chemical oxygem demand, volatile organic acids (VOA's) and alcohols were conducted during operation. Alcalinity, pH and total solids content of the leachate were also monitored. Massive sequencing of rRNA 16S (Illumina) was carried out for identification of the microorganisms of the in natura rumen fluid, the purified consortium, and those collected from lysimeters R2, R5 and R9. Hydrogen production was detected only in lysimeters R1 (25 mmol), R2 (35 mmol) and R5 (3 mmol), all of them operated with 80% of moisture content. In R1 and R2, high concentrations of acetic acid, of 21.500 and 17.000, respectively, were due to the likely occurrence of homoacetogenesis. Under thermophilic temperature, especially R5, the hydrogen production was detected in low quantity, and the highlight was the production of ethanol and methanol, with concentrations around 2.300 and 5.600 mg/L, respectively. At 80% moisture condition (R1, R2, R5, R6), high percentages of paper removal and sharp fermentative activity were observed. However, at lower moisture conditions, the microbial growth was unfavored, independent of the temperature. Low paper consumption and reduced concentrations of OVA's and alcohols were detected in R3, R4, R7 and R8, all of them operated with 50% of moisture content. In R9 and R10, operated at 45°C and 65% of moisture, there was also attenuated production of VOA\'s and alcohols, with absence of hydrogen. According to CCD statistical analysis, paper moisture content had positive effect statistically significative on hydrogen, acetic acid and etanol production. The temperature had positive effect on hydrogen and acetic acid production. And the mass of paper dit not have effect statistically significative for any dependent variables. The most abundant bacterial genus was: Prevotella in the in natura rumen fluid (F.N.) Dysgonomonas in the purified consortium and R2 (35 oC), Thermicanus in R5 (55°C) and Phaeospirillum in R9 (45° C). In conclusion, moisture content was the main parameter to promote paper hydrolysis and fermentation; temperature was the principal variable that influenced the structure of microbial community, confirmed by the different metabolic route observed under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions; and the production yields of the compounds were not influenced by the mass of paper added to the lysimeters. Delineamento composto central (DCC) Hidrogênio - Etanol - Ácido acético Hydrogen - Ethanol - Acetic acid Massive sequencing Mesophilic condition Sequenciamento massivo Temperatura mesofílica Temperatura termofílica Thermophilic condition
4	Investigación de la Leucemia Mieloide Aguda mediante el desarrollo de modelos in vitro e in vivo González Romero, Elisa 07 April 2022 (has links) [ES] La leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) se trata de un grupo heterogéneo de desórdenes hematológicos producidos por alteraciones genéticas en las células precursoras mieloides. Las mutaciones en la enzima Isocitrato deshidrogenasa 2 (IDH2) son unas de estas alteraciones. Las mutaciones más frecuentes en esta proteína afectan a las posiciones R140 y R172, provocando una ganancia de función con la producción del oncometabolito D-2-hidroxiglutarato (2-HG). A pesar de que ambas inducen la producción de 2-HG, la mutación R172 produce mayor cantidad de oncometabolito, presenta menos concurrencias con otras alteraciones genéticas y se asocia a una peor respuesta a la quimioterapia y un mayor riesgo de recaída. Los modelos de investigación han permitido conocer el papel de las mutaciones genéticas en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. A pesar de ello, es necesario desarrollar nuevos modelos que expresen de forma endógena estas mutaciones para estudiar en profundidad las vías moleculares afectadas. Por todo ello, en esta Tesis se han desarrollado nuevas estrategias de edición génica mediante el sistema CRISPR/Cas9 con el objetivo de desarrollar nuevos modelos in vitro e in vivo de mutaciones implicadas en LMA. Debido a la baja eficiencia de transfección de los plásmidos CRISPR en las líneas celulares leucémicas, el método más empleado para introducir los elementos CRISPR han sido principalmente vectores lentivirales. Para evitar los inconvenientes de este tipo de vectores, en esta Tesis se ha desarrollado una estrategia alternativa para la introducción de la nucleasa Cas9 y los guías CRISPR. El gen codificante de la Cas9 se introdujo en el genoma de células NB4 mediante transducción con lentivirus, generando una línea celular con expresión constitutiva de la nucleasa. Por otro lado, se desarrolló un sistema sencillo de producción de los guías CRISPR mediante PCR con los elementos esenciales para su expresión y la expresión del reportero GFP de forma opcional. Con el objetivo de optimizar la técnica y probar su eficiencia en distintas dianas se modificaron dos genes implicados en LMA. Estos fueron el gen IDH2, en el cuál se buscó introducir la mutación R172, y el gen MYBL2. Finalmente, las eficiencias de edición obtenidas se compararon con el uso de complejos de ribonucleoproteínas CRISPR, muy utilizados por su alta eficiencia. Mientras que los complejos de ribonucleoproteínas presentaron una mayor eficiencia de corte, la eficiencia de edición de la mutación R172 fue similar en ambas estrategias. Mediante secuenciación masiva se confirmó y caracterizó esta edición y se comprobó que la maquinaria de edición no había producido cortes inespecíficos en regiones similares del genoma. Por tanto, la nueva metodología desarrollada permitió editar de forma precisa líneas celulares leucémicas con eficiencias similares a otras técnicas CRISPR más extendidas y sin producir efectos inespecíficos no deseados. Por otro lado, gracias a la gran conservación evolutiva del gen IDH2, los residuos R140 y R172 se encuentran conservados en la proteína idh-2 de Caenorhabditis elegans. Se empleó la estrategia co-CRISPR para desarrollar y seleccionar cepas mutantes con las mutaciones ortólogas a R140 y R172, y una cepa con ambas mutaciones. A pesar de la conservación, no se observó el aumento del oncometabolito 2-HG esperado en las cepas mutantes en comparación con la cepa salvaje control N2. Un estudio exhaustivo de las vías implicadas nos serviría para desarrollar modelos de investigación con las alteraciones moleculares observadas en los pacientes. Para concluir, la estrategia desarrollada de introducción de elementos CRISPR en líneas celulares, junto a los modelos producidos en C. elegans, permitirán en futuros estudios investigar en detalle los efectos moleculares de mutaciones detectadas en pacientes de LMA, su implicación en el desarrollo y pronóstico de la LMA y comprender su papel en la estratificación de los pacientes. / [CA] La leucèmia mieloide aguda (LMA) es tracta d'un grup heterogeni de desordres hematològics produïts per alteracions genètiques en les cèl·lules precursores mieloides. Les mutacions en l'enzim Isocitrato deshidrogenasa 2 (IDH2) son d'aquestes alteracions. Les mutacions més freqüents en aquesta proteïna afecten a les posicions R1240 i R172, produint un guany de funció amb la producció de l'oncometabolit D-2-hidroxiglutarat (2-HG). A pesar que ambdues indueixen la producció de 2-HG, la mutació R172 produeix mes quantitat de oncometabolit, presenta menys co ocurrències con altres alteracions genètiques i s'associa a una pitjor resposta a la quimioteràpia i un major risc de recaiguda. Els models d'investigació han permés conéixer el paper de les mutacions genètiques en el desenvolupament de la malaltia. Malgrat això, és necessari desenvolupar nous models que expressen de manera endògena aquestes mutacions per a estudiar en profunditat les vies moleculars afectades. Per tot això, en aquesta Tesis s'han desenvolupat noves estratègies d'edició gènica mitjançant el sistema CRISPR/Cas9 amb l'objectiu de desenvolupar nous models in vitro i in vivo de les mutacions implicades en la LMA. Degut a la baixa eficiència de transfecció dels plasmids CRISPR en les línies cel·lulars leucèmiques, el mètode més emprat per a introduir els elements CRISPR han sigut principalment vectors lentivirals. Per a evitar els inconvenients d'aquesta mena de vectors, en aquesta Tesis s'ha desenvolupat una estratègia alternativa per a la introducció de la nucleasa Cas9 i els guies CRISPR. El gen codificant de la Cas9 es va introduir al genoma de cèl·lules NB4 mitjançant transducció amb lentivirus, generant una línia cel·lular amb expressió constitutiva de la nucleasa. D'altra banda, es va desenvolupar un sistema fàcil de producció dels guies CRISPR mitjançant PCR amb els elements essencials d'expressió i amb l'expressió del reporter GFP de manera opcional. Amb l'objectiu d'optimitzar la tècnica i provar la seua eficiència en diferents dianes es van modificar dos gens implicats en LMA. Aquests van ser el gen IDH2, en el qual es va buscar introduir la mutació R172, i el gen MYBL2. Finalment, les eficiències d'edició obtingudes amb la nova estratègia es van comparar amb l'ús de complexos ribonucleotproteïnes CRISPR, molt utilitzats per la seua alta eficiència. Mentre que els complexos de ribonucleoproteïnes van presentar una major eficiència de tall, l'eficiència d'edició de la mutació R172 va ser similar en les dues estratègies. Mitjançant seqüenciació massiva es va confirmar i caracteritzar aquesta edició i es va comprovar que la maquinària d'edició no havia produït talls inespecífics en regions similars del genoma. D'aquesta manera, la nova metodologia desenvolupada permet editar de manera precisa línies cel·lulars leucèmiques amb eficiències similars a altres tècniques CRISPR més esteses i sense produir efectes inespecífics no desitjats. D'altra banda, gràcies a la gran conservació evolutiva del gen IDH2, els residus R140 i R172 es troben conservats en la proteïna idh-2 de Caenorhabditis elegans. Es va utilitzar l'estratègia co-CRISPR per a desenvolupar i seleccionar ceps mutants amb les mutacions ortòlogues a R140 i R172, i un cep amb dues mutacions. Malgrat l'alta conservació, no es va observar l'augment del oncometabolit 2-HG esperat en els ceps mutants en comparació amb el cep salvatge control N2. Un estudi exhaustiu de les vies implicades ens serviria per a desenvolupar models d'investigació amb les alteracions moleculars observades en els pacients. Per a concloure, l'estratègia desenvolupada d'introducció d'elements CRISPR en línies cel·lulars, al costat dels models produïts en C. elegans permetran en estudis futurs investigar detalladament els efectes moleculars de mutacions detectades en pacients, la seua implicació en el desenvolupament i prognosi de la LMA i comprendre el seu paper en l'estratificació dels pacients. / [EN] Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of haematological disorders caused by genetic alterations in myeloid precursors. Mutations in the Isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme are among these alterations. The most frequent mutations in this protein affect R140 and R172 positions, leading to a gain of function with the production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Although both induce the 2-HG production, the R172 mutation generates greater amount of oncometabolite, has fewer co-occurrences with other genetic alterations and is associated with worse chemotherapy response and higher relapse risk. Research models have made possible to study the role of genetic mutations in disease development. Despite this progress, new models with endogenous expression of these mutations are needed to study in depth the molecular pathways involved. Therefore, in this Thesis we have developed new gene editing strategies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with the aim of developing new in vitro and in vivo models of mutations involved in AML. Regarding in vitro model, due to the low transfection efficiency of CRISPR plasmids in leukemic cell lines, the most commonly method used for introducing CRISPR elements have been mainly lentiviral vectors. To avoid the disadvantages of this type of vectors, in this Thesis we have developed an alternative strategy for introducing Cas9 nuclease and CRISPR guides. The gene encoding the Cas9 was introduced into NB4 genome by lentiviral transduction producing a stable cell line that constitutively express the nuclease. On the other hand, a simple system for the production of CRISPR guides by PCR with essential elements of expression was developed and with GFP reporter expression optionally. In order to optimise the technique and test its efficiency in different targets, two genes involved in AML were modified. These were IDH2 gene, in which R172 mutation was introduced, and MYBL2 gene. Finally, editing efficiencies obtained with the new strategy were compared with CRISPR ribonucleoproteins methodology, widely used for its high efficiency. Whereas ribonucleoprotein complexes showed higher cut efficiencies, the efficiency of edition of R172 mutation efficiency was similar in both strategies. These results were validated and characterized by means of next generation sequencing, and no off-target effects were found. Therefore, the new developed methodology allows precise gene editing in leukemic cell lines with similar efficiencies with other popular CRISPR techniques and without off-target effects. On the other hand, thanks to the high evolutive conservation of IDH2 gene R140 and R172 residues are conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans idh-2 protein. The co-CRISPR strategy was used to produce and select mutant strains with ortholog mutations to R140, R172 and one strain with both mutations. Despite the high conservation, the expected increase in oncometabolite 2-HG concentration was not detected in mutant strains compared to the N2 wild type strain. A comprehensive study of the pathways involved would help us to develop a research model with molecular alterations noticed in patients. In conclusion, the new developed strategy for CRISPR elements introduction in cell lines, together with C. elegans models, will allow an in-depth research of molecular effect of mutations detected in patients, its implication in AML progression and prognosis and understand their role in patient stratification. / González Romero, E. (2022). Investigación de la Leucemia Mieloide Aguda mediante el desarrollo de modelos in vitro e in vivo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181891 / TESIS Secuenciación masiva Ribonucleoproteínas Isocitrato deshidrogenasa 2 (IDH2) Edición génica CRISPR/Cas9 Leucemia mieloide aguda Caenorhabditis elegans Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) Gene editing Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) Ribonucleoproteins Massive sequencing

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