Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

This is a descriptive study of the relationship between labor patients' perceptions of type of nursing care and labor patients' ability to meet psychosocial needs. The hypothesis tested was labor patients who perceive their nursing care as supportive are better able to meet their psychosocial needs during labor than those labor patients who perceive their nursing care as physical. Physical care included nursing care that meets the physical needs of the patient, and supportive care included nursing care which consists of physical and supportive aspects of nursing care. Psychosocial needs during labor consisted of maintenance of control and self-esteem, and realization of expectations.A sample of 50 postpartum patients was obtained using systematic sampling. The author's tool, Patient's Perception of Labor Questionnaire, was administered within 48 hours postpartum. The patients were divided into two groups, supportive care and physical care, based on their responses on the questionnaire. The statistic ANOVA was used to compare mean scores in relation to meeting psychosocial needs. Those patients who perceived their nursing (p >.05) for maintenance of self-esteem, realization of care as supportive had significantly higher mean scores expectations and maintenance of psychosocial needs. There was not a significant difference in means for maintenance of control for the two groups.

Maternity leave policy has changed a few times over the last 20 years in Brazil. This dissertation investigates how a ceiling imposed on the maternity leave benefit paid by Brazilian Social Security in Dec, 1998 and its temporary suspension in May, 1999 affected females' employment and earnings using difference-in-difference method. We apply the difference-in-difference method to examine whether the changes in maternity leave policy negatively affected females in the labor market. Our analysis uses four treatment groups: 1) young females, aged 20 to 40 years; 2) young females working in the private sector; 3) older females, aged 41 to 65 years, working in the private sector; and 4) young females with infants. Young females were selected based on the fact that they have a higher probability of giving birth compared to older females and, consequently, using the maternity leave benefit. The second and third groups were supposedly the groups directly reached by these changes in maternity leave policy since earnings and employment in the public sector should not be based on an individual's gender and therefore discrimination may be absent or less prevalent there than in the private sector. We also include young females with infants as a treatment group since employers may use this information to infer the probability of a female having another child. We also propose four control groups: 1) older females aged between 41 and 65 years; 2) young females working in the public sector; 3) older females working in the public sector; and 4) young males. Overall, our results show that the limit imposed on maternity leave benefits paid by Social Security and the transfer of the responsibility of paying the remaining wages to employers negatively affected females' hourly wages, and this negative effect seems to have persisted even while the limit was temporarily suspended. Furthermore, young females were more affected by the change in policy than older females. These results lead us to think that these changes in maternity leave policy may have slowed the convergence of females' wages toward males' wages or "forced" females to swim upstream during the period from May 1999 to March 2003.

In South African law, childbearing is not a right for working women. A few mother takes maternity leave at her own risk. She has no legal guarantee of getting her job back. With high unemployment she may not find another job at all.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987. / Typescript. Title from title screen (viewed Nov. 15, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-147). Online version of the print original.