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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The multidimensionality of well-being : theory, measurement and empirical investigations

Linton, Myles-Jay January 2017 (has links)
Background: Well-being within this thesis is defined as the multidimensional quality of a person’s life, which can be broken down into ‘subjective’ and ‘objective’ forms. Despite persistent study, researchers fail to agree on the meaning of well-being or how it should be studied. Aim: The first half of the thesis aims to examine the meaning, measurement and theory of well-being. The second half of the thesis aims to investigate the factors associated with subjective well-being (SWB), and the influence of attributes of well-being on preferences for the future. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify measures of well-being for use in adults (general population). The dimensions within these measures were organised into a framework using thematic analysis. Further, the theories underpinning these measures were identified and described. Fixed-effect regression models were used to study the factors important for SWB using data from a longitudinal (1996 – 2013) cohort of middle aged-older adults in the United States (n = 2049). Finally, preferences for life in the future were estimated in a sample of young ‘emergent adults’ (n =140) in the United Kingdom, using discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Results: The systematic review identified 99 measures of well-being, which included 196 distinct dimensions. These measures were influenced by a diverse range of theories (n = 98). Mental health, social integration and satisfaction with work had a significant impact on each of the SWB outcome variables (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect) in the fixed-effects analysis. The DCE indicated that stated preferences for life in the future among emergent adults were particularly driven by the prospect of social support from family and an aversion to experiencing mental health difficulties. Conclusion: This thesis has investigated inconsistencies in how well-being is understood, measured and studied. In response to this, a framework has been developed which organises the many measures available around key themes. Following on from the fixed-effects analysis and the DCE, future empirical research should be undertaken to investigate the interdependence of well-being and mental health.
2

Exploration des effets d’un programme de réadaptation visant l’amélioration des activités et la participation des personnes cérébrolésées. Application à l’activité cuisine

Poncet, Frédérique 05 1900 (has links)
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle France- Québec / Les troubles cognitifs et comportementaux après une lésion cérébrale peuvent entraîner des limitations d’activité sévères et des restrictions de participation. Les personnes cérébrolésées acquises nécessitent une prise en charge adaptée et spécifique tant au niveau de la rééducation que de la réadaptation. Un programme de réadaptation a été développé dans le service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. Le but de cette présente thèse est d’explorer l’efficacité de ce programme sur l’activité et la participation. Spécifiquement, les objectifs sont de : 1) définir et valider le programme de réadaptation par l’équipe multidisciplinaire; 2) mesurer les effets du programme de réadaptation sur l’activité et la participation des participants et 3) explorer des liens possibles entre le problème ciblé par le programme, ses interventions et les effets du programme sur l’activité et la participation. Pour répondre à l’objectif 1 de l’étude, un modèle logique (Champagne et al., 2009) est utilisé. Des entretiens semi-dirigés sont menés auprès de l’équipe multidisciplinaire. La documentation de chaque activité du programme est validée par des groupes d’experts. Pour répondre à l’objectif 2, une étude quasi expérimentale avec «cas uniques» et multiples mesures répétées est utilisée. Six mesures répétées sont effectuées : trois en pré-programme, puis trois en post-programme jusqu’à six mois. L’interprétation des résultats est réalisée à partir (i) de l’analyse visuelle de données graphiques représentant l’évolution du sujet dans le temps et (ii) d’analyse statistique. Au préalable de cette étude, une première étape a consisté à identifier les outils de mesure des déficiences, de l’activité et de la participation. Des outils de mesure situationnels fiables et valides sont choisis. Les critères de jugement principaux sont (i) le niveau d’activité évalué par le Cooking Task (Chevignard et al., 2000) et le Profil des Activités Instrumentales (PAI) (Bottari et al., 2009) et (ii) la participation évaluée par le PAI et la Mesure des Habitudes de vie (MHAVIE) (Noreau et al., 2002).   Pour répondre à l’objectif 3, l’analyse logique théorique s’appuie sur le modèle cognitif des fonctions exécutives de Lezak (1982) et sur la CIF. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l’analyse logique théorique de l’activité cuisine valide cette activité au sein du programme de réadaptation. La mesure des effets du programme fait ressortir des différences significatives entre les périodes pré et post-programme au nombre total d’erreurs au Cooking Task (6/7 participants) et en besoin en aide (PAI) (6/7 participants). L’item « préparation de repas » de la MHAVIE suggère une amélioration pour 4/7 sujets. L’ensemble des résultats suggère une amélioration globale de l’activité « préparer un repas » qui se maintient dans le temps. L’identification des outils de mesure favorise un choix éclairé des outils à préconiser pour l’évaluation des programmes de réadaptation dédiés aux personnes cérébrolésées. Cette thèse contribue à l’avancement des connaissances en réadaptation. De fait, peu d’études sont allées aussi loin dans la documentation d’un programme de réadaptation multidisciplinaire et holistique et dans la compréhension des liens entre les processus de soins et les retombées du programme. / The cognitive and behavioral sequelae of brain injury can severely limit activities and restrict participation. People with acquired brain injury require adapted and specific reeducation and rehabilitation. To respond to these needs, a rehabilitation program was developed within the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Service of Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. This thesis seeks to explore the effectiveness of this program on participant’s levels of activity and participation. More specifically, the objectives were to: 1) define and validate the rehabilitation program with the multidisciplinary team; 2) measure the effects of the rehabilitation program on participant participation levels and 3) explore possible links between the problem, the interventions in the program, and the effects of the program on participant’s activity and participation levels. With respect to the first objective of documenting the rehabilitation program, we used the logic model of Champagne et al., 2009). Semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of the multi-disciplinary team. The documentation of each program activity was validated by groups of experts. For the second objective, a quasi-experimental study was carried out with ‘single-case’ multiple repeated measures. Six repeated measures were used: three pre-program and three post-program up until six months. Results were analyzed using (i) visual analysis of graphic data which represented the evolution of participants over time and (ii) statistical analyses. In the initial preparation phase, tools measuring body functions and structure, activity and participation were identified. The situational measurement tools chosen were reliable and valid. Principal outcomes were (i) participants’ activity level evaluated by the Cooking Task (Chevignard et al., 2000) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile (IADL Profile) (Bottari et al., 2009) and (ii) participants’ participation level evaluated by the IADL Profile and the Life Habits assessment’ (LIFE-H) (Noreau et al., 2002). For the third objective, a logic theory analysis was based on the cognitive model of executive functions of Lezak (1982) and on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This analysis demonstrates the validity of the cooking activity and thereby promotes the recognition of such activities within multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. For the measurement of the effects of the rehabilitation program, significant differences in the total number of errors in the Cooking Task (for 6/7 participants) and in the need for help (IADL Profile) (6/7 participants) between the pre- and post-program phases were observed. On the LIFE-H assessment, some improvements were shown for the ‘preparation of meal’ item for 4/7 participants. The overall results of the Cooking Task, IADLP and LIFE-H scale suggest a global improvement for the activity ‘meal preparation’ after the rehabilitation program. This improvement is maintained over time. The identification of tools to measure limitations in activity and participation levels in real life situations assists informed decision-making in rehabilitation. This thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge in rehabilitation. Few studies have gone this far in documenting a multidisciplinary and holistic rehabilitation program and in understanding the relation between its effects and care processes.

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