Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Luiz Jardim Sanches.pdf: 1148829 bytes, checksum: d509495996937fcb41a89e056652196f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-02 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In this work, an exploratory analysis of performance measurement procedures in Information Technology (IT), among Higher Education Institutions (HEI) was done, using a content analysis technique as in Perez (2006).With a view to generate knowledge that is applicable to an economic segment, avoiding the risks of wide ranging research, yet resulting inconclusive for certain segments (CHENHALL, 2006), we opted for the Higher Education Institutions.Our first goal was to identify a few characteristics of those processes, revealing which stage of management control they were at. Our second goal was to detect possible gaps between the practices contemplated in this study and some of the concepts that are preached by the academy. In order to pursue these goals, there were moments during the analysis of the results, in which it became necessary to search for theories such as the Järvenpää (2007) study, in which one departs from the results moving towards the correct connection with the literature. Besides categorizing and analyzing results, the framework proposed by Ferreira and Otley (2009) was used as a reference to compare the current performance control stages identified in IT. The results show a poorly developed stage in the use of management control tools to control performance. The influence of external factors which are not yet absorbed by the controllerships was noticed, mainly related to learning through community practices. It was possible to verify validation of the contingency approach (MERCHANT, 1984;CHENHALL, 2006; FERREIRA, OTLEY, 2009), by which external factors combined with the organization stages culminate in the adoption of the control procedures in use. The results suggest that the current process of performance measurement procedure can be explained in part by the detachment from the Controllership area, suggesting that this area does not play a determining role within the organization, evidencing gaps related to the academic literature.The distance between strategic planning and IT management can also be in part an explanatory factor of the phenomena presented in HEI B, C, and D. The HEI of case A displayed a peculiar form, when compared to the others. It shows a more controlled and developed environment, in accordance with a more modern management control anticipated by the Ferreira and Otley (2009) framework. / Neste trabalho, foi feita a análise de como se dá a mensuração de desempenho da área de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), de forma exploratória, utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, conforme feito por Perez (2006).No intuito de gerar conhecimento aplicável a um segmento econômico e evitar os riscos de pesquisas abrangentes, porém gerando resultados inconclusivos para determinados segmentos (CHENHALL, 2006), optou-se pelo segmento de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). O primeiro objetivo do trabalho foi trazer à tona algumas características da medição de desempenho, revelando em qual estágio de controle gerencial se encontram tais ambientes. O segundo objetivo foi detectar possíveis distâncias entre as práticas ora estudadas e alguns conceitos apregoados pela Academia. Para perseguir esses objetivos, por vezes, durante a análise dos resultados, foi necessário buscar a teoria tal qual o estudo de Järvenpää (2007),segundo o qual, de forma abdutora, parte-se dos resultados para a correta conexão com a literatura. Além da categorização e da análise dos resultados, o framework proposto por Ferreira e Otley (2009) foi utilizado como referência de comparação para os atuais estágios de controle de desempenho encontrados nas áreas de TI. Os resultados mostram um estágio pouco desenvolvido na utilização de ferramentas de controle gerencial para controle de desempenho. Nesse contexto, percebeu-se a influência de fatores externos ainda não absorvidos pelas controladorias, principalmente quanto à captura de aprendizado por meio de Comunidades de Práticas (CoPs). Foi possível constatar uma validação da abordagem contingencial (MERCHANT, 1984; CHENHALL, 2006; FERREIRA; OTLEY, 2009), na qual os fatores externos combinados ao estágio das organizações culminam na adoção dos procedimentos de controle utilizados. Os resultados sugerem que a forma de medição de desempenho pode ser explicada em parte pelo distanciamento da área de Controladoria,indicando que esta não possui papel determinante organizacionalmente, com evidências de gaps em relação à literatura acadêmica. O distanciamento do planejamento estratégico da gestão da área de TI também pode ser em parte um fator explicativo para os fenômenos apresentados nas IES B, C e D. A IES do caso A apresentou-se de forma peculiar em relação às outras, com ambiente de controle mais desenvolvido, consoante com estrutura de controle mais moderna prevista no framework de Ferreira e Otley (2009).

Les dispositifs matériels mobiles proposent des capacités de mesure à l'aide de capteurs soit embarqués, soit connectés. Ils ont vocation à être de plus en plus utilisés dans des processus de prises de mesures. Ils présentent un caractère critique dans le sens où ces informations doivent être fiables, car potentiellement utilisées dans un contexte exigeant. Malgré une grande demande, peu d'applications proposent d'assister les utilisateurs lors de relevés exploitant ces capacités. Idéalement, ces applications devraient proposer des méthodes de visualisation, de calcul, des procédures de mesure et des fonctions de communications permettant la prise en charge de capteurs connectés ou encore la génération de rapports. La rareté de ces applications se justifie par les connaissances nécessaires pour permettre la définition de procédures de mesure correctes. Ces éléments sont apportés par la métrologie et la théorie de la mesure et sont rarement présents dans les équipes de développement logiciel. De plus, chaque utilisateur effectue des activités de mesure spécifiques au domaine de son champ d'activités, ce qui implique le développement d'applications spécifiques de qualité pouvant être certifiées par des experts. Ce postulat apporte la question de recherche à laquelle les travaux présentés répondent: Comment proposer une approche pour la conception d’applications adaptées à des procédures de mesures spécifiques. Les procédures de mesure pouvant être configurées par un utilisateur final La réponse développée est une "plateforme" de conception d'applications d'assistance à la mesure. Elle permet d'assurer la conformité des procédures de mesures sans l'intervention d'expert de la métrologie. Pour cela elle est construite en utilisant des concepts issus de la métrologie, de l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles et de la logique du premier ordre. Une étude du domaine de la métrologie permet de mettre en évidence la nécessité d'une expertise des procédures de mesure impliquées dans les applications. Cette expertise comprend des termes et des règles assurant l'intégrité et la cohérence d'une procédure de mesure. Un modèle conceptuel du domaine de la métrologie est proposé. Ce modèle conceptuel est ensuite intégré au processus de développement d'une application. Cette intégration se fait par un encodage de ce modèle conceptuel sous la forme d'un schéma des connaissances de la métrologie en logique du premier ordre. Il permet, la vérification du respect des contraintes inhérentes à la métrologie dans une procédure de mesure. Cette vérification est réalisée en confrontant les procédures de mesures au schéma sous forme de requêtes. Ces requêtes sont décrites à l'aide d'un langage proposé par le schéma. Les applications d'assistance à la mesure nécessitent d'exposer à l'utilisateur un processus de mesure impliquant relevés et affichages de mesures étape par étape. Cela implique de pouvoir décrire un processus de mesure et d'en définir les interfaces et le schéma d'évolution. Pour cela, un éditeur d'application est proposé. Cet éditeur propose un langage spécifique dédié à la description d'applications d'assistance à la mesure. Ce langage est construit à partir des concepts, formalismes et outils proposés par l'environnement de métamodélisation Diagrammatic Predicate Framework (DPF). Le langage comporte des contraintes syntaxiques prévenant les erreurs de construction au niveau logiciel tout en réduisant l'écart sémantique entre l'architecte logiciel l'utilisant et un potentiel expert de la métrologie. [...] / Mobile devices offer measuring capabilities using embedded or connected sensors. They are more and more used in measuring processes. They are critical because the performed measurements must be reliable because possibly used in rigorous context. Despite a real demand, there are relatively few applications assisting users with their measuring processes that use those sensors. Such assistant should propose methods to visualise and to compute measuring procedures while using communication functions to handle connected sensors or to generate reports. Such rarity of applications arises because of the knowledges required to define correct measuring procedures. Those knowledges are brought by metrology and measurement theory and are rarely found in software development teams. Moreover, every user has specific measuring activities depending on his field of work. That implies many quality applications developments which could request expert certification. These premises bring the research question the presented works answer : What approach enables the conception of applications suitable to specific measurement procedures considering that the measurement procedures could be configured by the final user. The presented works propose a platform for the development of measuring assistant applications. The platform ensure the conformity of measuring processes without involving metrology experts. It is built upon metrology, model driven engineering and first order logic concepts. A study of metrology enables to show the need of applications measuring process expert evaluation. This evaluation encompasses terms and rules that ensure the process integrity and coherence. A conceptual model of the metrology domain is proposed. That model is then employed in the development process of applications. It is encoded into a first order logic knowledge scheme of the metrology concepts. That scheme enables to verify that metrology constraints holds in a given measuring process. The verification is performed by confronting measuring processes to the knowledge scheme in the form of requests. Those requests are described with a request language proposed by the scheme. Measuring assistant applications require to propose to the user a measuring process that sequences measuring activities. This implies to describe a measuring process, and also to define interactive interfaces and sequencing mechanism. An application editor is proposed. That editor uses a domain specific language dedicated to the description of measuring assistant applications. The language is built upon concepts, formalisms and tools proposed by the metamodeling environment : Diagrammatic Predicat Framework (DPF). The language encompasses syntactical constraints that prevent construction errors on the software level while reducing the semantical gap between the software architect using it and a potential metrology expert. Then, mobile platforms need to execute a behaviour conforming to the editor described one. An implementation modelling language is proposed. This language enables to describe measuring procedures as sequences of activities. Activities imply to measure, compute and present values. Quantities are all abstracted by numerical values. This eases their computation and the use of sensors. The implementation model is made up of software agents. A mobile application is also proposed. The application is built upon a framework of agents, an agent network composer and a runtime system. The application is able to consider an implementation model and to build the corresponding agent network in order to propose a behaviour matching the end users needs. This enables to answer to any user needs, considering he can access to the implementation model, without requiring to download several applications.

This master thesis focuses on designing of an external six-component balance. This universal concept would provide access of results from different models of wings, aircraft and automobiles with relatively small scales. This work also includes theoretical background needed in aerodynamic testing, analysis of 1D beam element model of scale and explanation of components used in scale. Lastly methods of calibration and measurement in aerodynamic tunnel are described, which can be adopted for this design to achieve the adequate level of accuracy.

This diploma thesis is supposed to inform readers interested in the distance measurements uncertainty on practical issues connected with the solving of these troubles when utilising a frequently used calibration method - the Tesa NPL measure instrument. This measuring was implemented by the Czech Metrologic Institute, where the author works; therefore he could take advantage of his rich experience as well as experience of his superiors and colleagues. The author regards the national metrological institute (CMI) as a sufficient guarantee for the hereinafter presented materials, both regarding the professional qualification and from the perspective of formal rightness of this thesis.