Differential drag controllers have been examined in the context of a full system simulation of a target/chaser pair of spacecraft in low Earth orbit. An Extended Kalman Filter has been designed to process measurement sets from GPS receivers on the target and chaser spacecraft. The estimated state from the Kalman Filter is used in a differential drag control algorithm to determine the appropriate control action. Modifications are made to the standard differential drag control algorithms to reduce unnecessary actuations in the presence of errors in the dynamic modeling, control actuation, and incoming measurements. Detailed explanations of the algorithms, dynamic models, and derivations for both the Kalman Filter and the differential drag control laws are presented. Multiple test cases are used to validate the controller performance under a variety of initial conditions. In these simulations, the differential drag control algorithms successfully maneuver the chaser spacecraft from the initial conditions to a final state with instantaneous time-average position (relative to the target spacecraft) of not more than 10 meters in the radial and in-track directions. Modifications to the standard control algorithms ensure that extraneous control actuations are minimized. An optimization algorithm is used determine the time-optimal differential drag control history, and the results are compared to the standard control logic and modified control logic. Based on the optimization results, it is recommended that a system employing differential drag control (especially those with limited computational resources) should use the modified control logic, as it provides a standardized methodology that can be followed in any mission. / text

This thesis, within a long-term project at the Institute of automotive engineering at FME BUT, aspires to prepare a motorcycle for analysis of its dynamic riding behavior. A multi-body model of a motorcycle is created based on the measured parameters and a system for measuring driving conditions is designed. The necessary motorcycle parameters were measured using a 3D scanner and through experiments aided by computer technology and CAD software. This laid the foundation for the follow-up research and development work.

A stochastic dynamic constituent transport model was developed, capable of simulating the operation of a water distribution system containing pumps and storage tanks, and subject to random demands and contaminant inputs. Long term operation of a hypothetical small town water supply system containing one pump station and one storage tank was simulated while the system was subjected to external contaminant inputs. Repeated simulations were made under different regimes of external contamination applied to the tank, the pump station and at system nodes, and internal contamination representing biofilm effects based on assumed relationships between flow velocities and bioflim cell detachment. Seven sampling plans representing regulatory requirements and industry practice were applied during the simulation to evaluate their ability to detect the contamination under a presence/absence criterion. The simulations were able to identify contamination patterns and provide information useful in the definition of sampling plans. Time of sampling was found to be as important as location. This was true both within the monitoring period, and particularly within the diurnal cycle of demand. Spreading samples over different days within the monitoring period rather than sampling all on one day, always improved contaminant detection. Detection by plans based on fixed times and locations were very sensitive to those times and locations. There was no best plan suitable for all situations tested. The better sampling plans were those that captured the temporal and spatial contamination patterns present in the system. No consistent advantage was noted from sampling in proportion to population served or in locating sampling nodes systematically instead of randomly. The location and timing of sampling for most plans could be improved with the knowledge of actual contamination patterns and timing provided by the model. The presence of a storage tank was found to have a strong influence on hydraulic patterns and the location and timing of contamination reaching different parts of the system. / Ph. D.

The aim of this semester work is to analyze the losses of induction motor, according to their measure, use programs using the finite element method for the detection of the motor and the subsequent evaluation and comparison of the results obtained. The first part deals with the general AM, losses and measure their losses. The next section is very Lossmeasurement submitted asynchronous motors. The measured two machines have different characteristics in the sheet. The following section is calculating the losses using the finite element method using ANSYS Maxwell and RMXprt.The next part is the analysis of motor losses with a different number of rotor bars. This section is addressed to the models developed and validated by measuring the actual machine.

Ph.D. (Geography) / The focus of Aeolian research has mainly been on wind-blown dust from desert and arid areas. Numerous dust emission schemes have been developed over the years aimed at accurately estimating dust emission rates from various soil types and land use surfaces. Limited research has been done on wind-blown dust from smaller area sources – such as mine tailings and ash storage facilities. Lately, the concern about the environmental and health impacts, caused by dust from mine tailings storage facilities and ash disposal sites, has become more prominent, calling for better methods in determining dust emissions and their related impacts. This thesis established a practical approach for wind-blown dust emissions estimation and dispersion modelling from mine waste and ash storage facilities for the purpose of legal compliance assessment. Extensive research on the physics of wind erosion has been done over the past decade, compelling the re-evaluation of previously applied techniques. The latest and most widely applied dust emission schemes are evaluated to determine, through systematic testing of parameterisation and validation, using empirical mine waste and coal ash data, a best-practice prescription for quantifying wind-blown dust emissions and determining effects on a local scale using commercially available dispersion models. The applicability of two dust-flux schemes, (one developed by Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) and the simplified Shao 2004 scheme, as reported in 2011) for the quantification of wind-blown dust emissions, were tested using site specific particle size distribution data, bulk density and moisture content from six gold- and one platinum- tailings storage facilities and from two ash storage facilities. The availability of the required input parameters and the uncertainty associated with these parameters, were tested. The dependency of the Shao et al. (2011) model on plastic pressure (P) and the coefficient cy, both of which are not easily determined, added to the uncertainty of the emission rates. In this study, P and cy were both interpolated using the range limits provided by Shao (2004) for natural soils. By calculating P, using the salt and calcium carbonate content, similar values were obtained. The minimally disturbed dust fraction, as required by the Shao et al. (2011) scheme were derived from particle size distribution analysis but found to be more representative of the fully disturbed particle size faction (𝜂fi) and therefore needed to be corrected to represent the minimally disturbed particle size faction (𝜂mi) through the application of a correction factor, CF𝜂mi. Specific attention was given to the quantification of the threshold friction velocity (u*t) and the threshold velocities (u*), and how these two parameters relate to each under variable wind speed and time durations. This was tested using sub-hourly averaged meteorological data, one set reflected 5-minute intervals and the other 10-minute intervals. Dependent on the frequency and strength of the sub-hourly wind gusts, the resulting dust-flux rates were found to vary significantly when based on hourly averaged wind data in comparison with 5- and 10-minute wind data. Dispersion models are useful tools in air quality management. Whereas ambient monitoring provides actual ambient concentrations for specific pollutants at set locations, atmospheric dispersion models can be used to simulate any number of pollutants and determine the impacts at any location within the modelling domain. These dust-flux schemes of Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) and Shao et al. (2011) have been coupled with the US EPA regulatory Gaussian plume AERMOD dispersion model for the simulation of ground level concentrations resulting from wind-blown dust from mine tailings facilities. For this study, two Case Studies were evaluated; one included two of the gold mine tailings and the second focused on the platinum tailings. Simulated ambient near surface concentrations were validated with ambient monitored data for the same period as used in the model. For the Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) dust-flux scheme, only z0 had to be adjusted to provide a good fit with measured data – whereas the Shao et al. (2011) scheme resulted in significantly higher concentrations, resulting in an over-prediction of the measured data. By applying the correction factor, CF𝜂mi, to the minimally disturbed dust fraction, the predicted concentrations improved considerably. The coupling of the dust-flux schemes with a regulatory Gaussian plume model provided simulated ground level PM10 concentrations in good agreement with measured data. The best correlation was found under conditions of high wind speeds when the prevailing wind was from the direction of the tailings storage facility. This thesis demonstrates that simulated impacts from complex source groups can be performed, within an acceptable range of certainty, using widely applied dust-flux schemes. These dust-flux schemes, developed primarily for large-scale desert and arid areas, have been demonstrated to be applicable also to small-scale sources, of the order of 1 km2, and can be coupled to regularly available dispersion models for impact evaluations of wind-blown dust. The value of this improved approach to the mining and mineral processing industries are substantial, allowing for more accurate health risks and adverse environmental assessments from wind-blown dust from large material storage piles, a source category that has hitherto been difficult to quantify.

The purpose of this work is identification with theory of EH antennas, do the simulation of one choice of model of EH antenna from literature and this model optimise on required frequency 14 MHz through the use of computer software CST Microwave Studio. The practical part of work is to produce choice model of EH antenna, to mete his properties and to verify use in real traffic. The EH antenna is an electromagnetic electrically short antenna, which can work as a transmitting or receiving antenna. The main characteristic of EH antenna is distributed radiating electromagnetic field, whose electric component E and magnetic component H are mutually crossed and orthogonal. The advantage of EH antennas is, that they have much smaller size on frequencies in order of magnitude MHz in comparison with conventional antennas (e.g. half-wave dipole). Their disavantages are their more complicated construction and tuning of the antenna, which must be made again, when the position of antenna is changed. Therefore the EH antenna is not so suitable for mobile application.

Axial piston pumps are universal displacement machines that are used in a vast variety of applications. Their high pressure resistance and ease of operation make them very popular, especially in mobile applications. Some applications require more robust pumps with an extended lifetime, particularly those that operate in remote environments such as marine type or mining operations. Especially new applications like displacement control have high demands on pumps such as through shaft operation (many pumps on one shaft), high dynamics and multi-quadrant operation. These demands create challenges in terms of lifetime expectancy and robustness for pump manufacturers and machine OEMs. Currently most axial piston pumps go through a run-in process. During this process the softer bronze parts shave off and change their shape according to the necessary one for the pumps’ proper operation. This process is highly dependent on the design of the parts and their manufacturing tolerances. In this paper the run-in process of the slippers of an axial piston pump was investigated by means of measurements of the gap height and wear profile as well as simulation. The measurements show a clear change of profile and gap heights for the first 120 h of the pumps operation. After that the gaps stabilize. The numerical simulations made with the program Caspar FSTI were coupled with contact wear models to output wear profiles. Different models will be introduced and compared with measurements. Both the amount of material removed and the performance of the pump before and after run-in will be discussed.

Lagegeregelte Bewegungsachsen finden sich in nahezu allen aktuellen Werkzeug‐ und Produktionsmaschinen. Um eine hohe Qualität der hergestellten Produkte bei gleichzeitig möglichst hoher Effizienz sicherzustellen muss die Regelung der Bewegungsachsen genau auf das Regelstreckenverhalten abgestimmt sein. Informationen über die Regelstrecken können mit Verfahren der Identifikation ermittelt werden. Neben der Reglerparametrierung sind diese Informationen ebenfalls für Mechanismen der Maschinenüberwachung relevant, bei denen Fehlerzustände in den Maschinen und Anlagen (modellbasiert) frühzeitig erkannt werden sollen. Neben den Identifikationsmechanismen, welche derzeit im Bereich der Werkzeugmaschinen vorherrschend sind und meist auf Testsignalen basieren, können mit nichtinvasive Ansätzen wesentliche Parameter bestimmt werden, ohne in den Produktionsprozess einzugreifen zu müssen. Im vorliegend Beitrag wird dargestellt, wie derartige Verfahren im Umfeld der Werkzeugmaschine Anwendung finden können. Nach einer Einleitung wird im Beitrag der Stand der Technik zur Identifikation von Regelstreckenparametern an Bewegungsachsen beleuchtet. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei in der Unterscheidung von invasiven (Verfahren mit Testsignalen) und nichtinvasiven Identifikationsverfahren (ohne Testsignale). Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen der Literaturrecherche wird das eigene Vorgehen hinsichtlich Wahl der Modellstruktur und des Identifikationsverfahrens erläutert. Ausführungen zur Anregungsdetektion, gezielten Einflussnahe auf die Parameterschätzung, Fehlerbewertung und dem Einsatz der simulationsbasierten Optimierung schließen die theoretischen Betrachtungen zum Forschungsthema ab. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden in einem weiteren Kapitel anhand eines Laborversuchsstandes und einer Werkzeugmaschine illustriert. Der letzte Abschnitt gibt eine Zusammenfassung des Forschungsvorhabens und erläutert zukünftige Schritte auf diesem Gebiet.