Background: Meat consumption is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), carcinogens produced when meat is cooked at high temperatures, is one hypothesized explanation for this relationship. HAAs form adducts with DNA; left unrepaired, DNA adducts can induce mutations which may initiate and/or promote the development of colorectal adenomas, precursors to the vast majority of CRCs. Along this continuum, genetic differences in the ability to biotransform or metabolize HAAs and repair DNA is postulated to modify the HAA-CRC relationship. Methods: This thesis examined the HAA-CRC relationship in two studies (Phase 1 and 2). In a cross-sectional study of 99 healthy volunteers, Phase 1 investigated the relationship between dietary exposure to HAAs and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in blood leukocytes. In Phase 2, a cross-sectional study examined the relationships between dietary exposures to: a) HAAs and; b) meat mutagenicity, and the prevalence of colorectal adenomas among 342 patients undergoing a screening colonoscopy. Both Phase 1 and 2 examined potential gene-diet interactions between dietary HAAs and genetic factors relevant to the biotransformation of HAAs and DNA repair. Results: In Phase 1, an interaction was observed for dietary HAAs and NAT1 polymorphisms where a positive association between HAA intakes and bulky DNA adduct levels was found among those with the NAT1 slow acetylator genotype, hypothesized to confer a lower ability to biotransform HAAs. In Phase 2, polymorphisms in genes involved in the biotransformation of HAAs (CYP1B1 rs10012 and rs1056827) and DNA repair (XPC rs2228001) were found to determine colorectal adenoma risk. As well, gene-diet interactions were observed for dietary HAAs/meat mutagenicity exposures and polymorphisms in CYP1B1 and XPD (rs13181 and rs1799793). Overall, a higher risk of colorectal adenoma was observed with higher HAA and/or meat mutagenicity exposures among those with polymorphisms which confer a greater activity to biotransform HAAs and/or a lower ability to repair DNA. Conclusion: This research supports the contribution of dietary HAAs and genetic susceptibility to the risk of developing colorectal adenomas and highlighted bulky DNA adduct formation as a potential biologic pathway through which HAAs may influence cancer risk. / Thesis (Ph.D, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2014-04-25 11:32:30.392