Submitted by Luis Ricardo Andrade da Silva (lrasilva@uefs.br) on 2017-11-28T23:42:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Mercurie Janeai Mateus Araujo Rocha.pdf: 2758370 bytes, checksum: 944f4fc5f24c7c08b8ca7abcf999414a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T23:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Mercurie Janeai Mateus Araujo Rocha.pdf: 2758370 bytes, checksum: 944f4fc5f24c7c08b8ca7abcf999414a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In this work the influence of the shear strength of the concrete in the bending of reinforced concrete slabs was studied through two models of analysis. The first model (proposed model 1) combines an isotropic damage model for concrete, proposed by Oliver et al., and the perfect elastoplastic model for steel reinforcement. The second model (proposed model 2), which is in fact a modification of the previous model, introduces a unique damaging to the concrete transverse modulus of elasticity, based on a proposal by Matzenbacher. The behavior of slabs was simulated through the Classical Theory of Laminates and the variational formulation of the problem was developed through the Principle of Virtual Works. The numerical treatment of the problem was based on the Finite Element Method, using a finite rectangular element with 24 degrees of freedom, incorporating Newton-Raphson's incremental-iterative process with load control and displacement control. The validation of the two models was based on the simulation of four rectangular slabs under bending, whose analysis revealed that it is essential to damage the concrete modulus of elasticity when using the damage mechanics. / Neste trabalho foi estudada a influ?ncia da resist?ncia ao cisalhamento do concreto na flex?o de lajes de concreto armado, atrav?s de dois modelos de an?lise. O primeiro modelo (modelo proposto 1) combina um modelo de dano isotr?pico para o concreto, proposto por Oliver e colaboradores, e o modelo elastopl?stico perfeito para o a?o das armaduras. O segundo modelo (modelo proposto 2), que na verdade ? uma modifica??o do modelo anterior, introduz uma danifica??o exclusiva para o m?dulo de elasticidade transversal do concreto, baseado em uma proposta de Matzenbacher. O comportamento das lajes foi simulado atrav?s da Teoria Cl?ssica de Laminados sendo desenvolvida a formula??o variacional do problema por meio do Princ?pio dos Trabalhos Virtuais. O tratamento num?rico do problema foi baseado no M?todo dos Elementos Finitos, utilizando um elemento finito retangular com 24 graus de liberdade, incorporando o processo incremental-iterativo de Newton-Raphson com controle de carga e controle de deslocamento. A valida??o dos dois modelos se deu a partir da simula??o de quatro lajes retangulares sob flex?o, cujas an?lises revelaram ser imprescind?vel a danifica??o do m?dulo de elasticidade transversal do concreto ao se usar a mec?nica do dano.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MayaraSCFL_DISSERT.pdf: 5165682 bytes, checksum: c5b249c3b897f27db4e517452be9b9ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Composites based on PEEK + PTFE + CARBON FIBER + Graphite (G_CFRP) has increased application in the top industries, as Aerospace, Aeronautical, Petroleum, Biomedical, Mechanical and Electronics Engineering challenges. A commercially available G_CFRP was warmed up to three different levels of thermal energy to identify the main damage mechanisms and some evidences for their intrinsic transitions. An experimental test rig for systematize a heat flux was developed in this dissertation, based on the Joule Effect. It was built using an isothermal container, an internal heat source and a real-time measurement system for test a sample by time. A standard conical-cylindrical tip was inserted into a soldering iron, commercially available and identified by three different levels of nominal electrical power, 40W (manufacturer A), 40W (manufacturer B), 100W and 150W, selected after screening tests: these power levels for the heat source, after one hour of heating and one hour of cooling in situ, carried out three different zones of degradation in the composite surface. The bench was instrumented with twelve thermocouples, a wattmeter and a video camera. The twelve specimens tested suffered different degradation mechanisms, analyzed by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and TG (Thermogravimetry) techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Rays (EDX) Analysis. Before and after each testing, it was measured the hardness of the sample by HRM (Hardness Rockwell M). Excellent correlations (R2=1) were obtained in the plots of the evaporated area after one hour of heating and one hour of cooling in situ versus (1) the respective power of heat source and (2) the central temperature of the sample. However, as resulting of the differential degradation of G_CFRP and their anisotropy, confirmed by their variable thermal properties, viscoelastic and plastic properties, there were both linear and non-linear behaviour between the temperature field and Rockwell M hardness measured in the radial and circumferential directions of the samples. Some morphological features of the damaged zones are presented and discussed, as, for example, the crazing and skeletonization mechanism of G_CFRP / Comp?sitos baseados em matrizes polim?ricas de PEEK e PTFE, refor?adas com fibra de carbono e grafite (G_CFRP) apresentam crescente aplica??o e desafios ? Engenharia nas ind?strias Aeroespacial, Aeron?utica, de Petr?leo, Biom?dica, Mec?nica e Eletr?nica. Um comp?sito G_CFRP foi aquecido em tr?s n?veis de energia t?rmica para identificar os principais mecanismos de dano e algumas evid?ncias em suas transi??es de mecanismos. Uma bancada experimental foi desenvolvida para sistematizar o fluxo t?rmico com base no Efeito Joule. Foi constru?da usando-se um recipiente isot?rmico, uma fonte quente interna e um sistema de medidas em tempo real para ensaiar um corpo-de-prova (CP) de cada vez. Uma ponta c?nica-cil?ndrica foi inserida em um ferro de soldar, comercialmente dispon?vel e identificado por tr?s diferentes n?veis de pot?ncia el?trica, 40W (fabricante A), 40W (fabricante B), 100W e 150W, selecionados ap?s ensaios piloto: estes n?veis de pot?ncia para a fonte quente, ap?s uma hora de aquecimento e uma hora de resfriamento in situ, promoveu tr?s zonas diferentes de degrada??o na superf?cie do comp?sito. A bancada foi instrumentada com doze termopares, um watt?metro e uma c?mera de v?deo. Os doze C.P. ensaiados apresentaram diferentes mecanismos de degrada??o, analisados pelas t?cnicas de Calorimetria Diferencial Explorat?ria (DSC) e Termogravimetria (TG), e pelas an?lises de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV) e Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDS). Antes e ap?s cada ensaio, foram feitos ensaios de dureza Rockwell M (HRM). Excelentes correla??es (R2=1) foram obtidas nas curvas da ?rea evaporada ap?s uma hora de aquecimento e uma hora de resfriamento in situ versus (1) a respectiva pot?ncia da fonte quente e (2) a temperatura central do C.P. entretanto, como resultado da degrada??o diferencial do G_CFRP e da sua anisotropia, confirmadas por suas propriedades t?rmicas vari?veis, propriedades viscoel?sticas e viscopl?sticas, houve comportamentos linear e n?o-linear entre o campo de temperatura e a HRM medidos nas dire??es radial e circunferencial dos C.P. Algumas peculiaridades morfol?gicas das zonas de dano s?o apresentadas e discutidas, como, por exemplo, os mecanismos de dano por crazing e esqueletiza??o do G_CFRP