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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Isotope Effects and the Question of Reaction Mechanisms: A study of the Tschugaeff Reaction

Bader, Richard F.W. 09 1900 (has links)
Three simultaneous isotope effects have been determined for the Tschugaeff reaction, i.e., the thermal decomposition of an xanthate ester. The ratio of the rate constants, k32/k34, was found to be 1.009 for the thion sulphur atom and 1.002 for the thio-ether sulphur atom. The rate ratio k12/k13, for the xanthate carbon atom was found to have a value of 1.000. The findings of previous investigators of the Tschugaeff reaction had been consistent with either of two mechanisms. However, with the determination of the isotope effects referred to above, it has been possible to distinguish between the two possible mechanisms and to gain considerable information about the transition state of the Tschugaeff reaction. The measured isotope effects have been discussed in terms of Bigeleisen's isotopic rate equation. In addition, it has been possible to carry out theoretical calculations for each reaction mechanism by assuming an appropriate potential function and in this manner make the interpretation of the measured isotope effects more quantitative. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
2

Novas abordagens mecanísticas da reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza, clássica e assimétrica) por espectrometria de massas / s-Hillman reaction (aza, classic and asymmetric) by mass spectrometry

Galaverna, Renan Souza, 1989- 12 December 2014 (has links)
Orientadores: Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, Fernando Antonio Santos Coelho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:01:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Galaverna_RenanSouza_M.pdf: 4687299 bytes, checksum: d06d242cdf07c9f8f7f1abfb050e76ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Essa dissertação de Mestrado visa estudar o mecanismo da reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) em três versões (Clássica, Aza e Assimétrica) utilizando a técnica de espectrometria de massas com ionização por eletrospray (ESI-MS). Para o monitoramento mecanístico das versões clássica e Aza (MBH/Aza-MBH) foi introduzida uma nova abordagem, que é a utilização de reagentes marcados com etiquetas de carga (líquidos iônicos), a fim de facilitar a detecção dos intermediários e maximizar a aquisição de dados obtidos pelo monitoramento destas reações. Entre os reagentes de partida, (eletrófilo, catalisador e alceno ativado) o alceno ativado foi o reagente marcado, utilizou-se o íon metil imidazólio como etiqueta de carga. Além do uso de um reagente marcado, ambas as versões foram monitoradas utilizando reagentes neutros, com o propósito de avaliar em nível de comparação as metodologias abordadas, marcada e não-marcada. Para versão assimétrica da reação de MBH, foram utilizadas duas aminas hidroxiladas quirais derivadas de alcalóides cinchona, quinidina e ?-isocupreidina. O monitoramento mecanístico da versão assimétrica foi realizado utilizando um espectrômetro de massas com mobilidade iônica IM-MS. O tipo de mobilidade utilizada nesse estudo foi a Traveling Wave, comercialmente conhecida como TWIM-MS (Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry). A utilização desta possibilitou a separação e caracterização de intermediários estereoisoméricos formados no percurso da reação. Cálculos teóricos dos estados de transição para formação desses intermediários foram realizados a fim de suportar os dados obtidos por TWIM-MS. A utilização de um reagente marcado no monitoramento completo da reação de MBH/Aza-MBH mostrou melhores resultados em relação à reação não-marcada. Intermediários não detectados pela metodologia não-marcada foram detectados e caracterizados pela metodologia marcada, além do fato que a intensidade desses intermediários foi maior quando comparado à versão não-marcada. Para versão assimétrica, os dados obtidos por TWIM-MS e cálculos teóricos possibilitaram um melhor entendimento acerca da enantiosseletividade da reação de MBH quando diferentes catalisadores quirais são utilizados / Abstract: This dissertation aims to study the mechanism of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction in three versions (Classical, Aza and Asymmetric) using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). For the mechanistic monitoring of the classical and Aza versions (MBH/Aza-MBH) a new approach was introduced, that is the use of marked reagents with charge tag (ionic liquid) in order to facilitate the detection of the reaction intermediates and maximize the data acquisition when monitoring these reactions. Among the start material, (electrophile, catalyst and activated alkene) the activated alkene was the marked reagent, using imidazolium ion as charge tag. Besides the use of a marked reagent, both versions (MBH/Aza-MBH) were monitored using neutral reagents, in order to compare the methodologies used, with and without charge tag. For the asymmetric MBH reaction, were used two hidroxylated chiral amines derived from cinchona alkaloids, quinidine and ?-isocupreidine. The mechanistic monitoring of the asymmetric reaction was performed using an ion mobility mass spectrometry IM-MS. The type of mobility used in this study was "traveling wave", commercially known as TWIM-MS (Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry). Using this instrument was possible to separate and characterize stereoisomerics intermediates formed in the course of the reaction. Theoretical calculations of the transition states for the formation of these intermediates were performed in order to support the data obtained by TWIM-MS. The use of a marked reagent in complete monitoring of the MBH/Aza-MBH reaction showed better results than non-tag reaction. Intermediates not detected by the non-tag methodology were detected and characterized by the charge tag methodology, furthermore, the intensity of these intermediates were higher than non-tag reaction. For the asymmetric version, the data obtained by TWIM-MS and theoretical calculations enabled a better understanding of the enantioselectivity of the MBH reaction when different chiral catalysts are used / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

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