Objectives. The aim of the study is to determine the concordance between the PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster) and Framingham scales in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in HIV-positive male population who use HAART in a national reference hospital located in Lima, Peru. To evaluate the concordance between the two scales the graphic method of Bland and Altman was used, for the evaluation of the correlation we used the Pearson coefficient and to measure the agreement we use the kappa coefficient. Results. 111 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 47.0 years. The distribution of patients according to the risk was low, moderate and high, 81.2%, 13.6% and 5.4% respectively for PROCAM and 71.2%, 25.2% and 3.6% for Framingham. According to the graphic method of Bland and Altman, the concordance was adequate in low values and was lost as the risk score increased. Pearson’s test found a strong correlation (r=0.87 and p<0.05) and the kappa coefficient was 0.56 (p<0,001). Conclusions. The agreement we found at low risk decreases as the risk increases. Strong correlation was found between the two scales. We recommend further studies in order to know which scale of cardiovascular risk is the most optimal scale for clinical practice among HIV population who receive HAART. / Objetivos. Determinar la concordancia entre las escalas PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster) y Framingham en pacientes receptores de tratamiento antirretroviral. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico en población masculina VIH positiva que recibe tratamiento antirretroviral en un hospital de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú. Para evaluar la concordancia entre ambas escalas se empleó el método gráfico de Bland y Altman, correlación con el coeficiente de Pearson y acuerdo entre pruebas mediante el coeficiente de Kappa. Resultados. Enrolamos 111 personas, con edad promedio de 47,0 años. La distribución de pacientes en riesgo cardiovascular bajo, moderado y alto fue de 81,2%, 13,6% y 5,4%, según PROCAM y de 71,2%, 25,2% y 3,6% según Framingham, respectivamente. Según el método de Bland y Altman, la concordancia fue adecuada en valores bajos y se fue perdiendo en riesgos altos. El coeficiente de Pearson mostró fuerte correlación (r=0,87 y p<0,05) y el coeficiente de Kappa fue de 0,56 (p<0,001). Conclusiones. La concordancia existente a riesgos bajos se va perdiendo a medida que el riesgo se va incrementando. Existe fuerte correlación entre ambas escalas. Se recomienda realizar más estudios que permitan conocer qué escala es la más óptima para ser utilizada en población adulta VIH positiva que recibe tratamiento antirretroviral.

El estudio sobre la estimación del riesgo por deslizamientos de laderas accionados por eventos sísmicos, se efectuó sobre datos que corresponden al Municipio de Medellín, República de Colombia, con los cuales se pretende implementar un modelo a partir de herramientas pertenecientes al área de la Geomática, como lo son los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), con el fin de coadyuvar en la estimación y cuantificación del riesgo ocasionado por este tipo de desastre en las laderas de la jurisdicción de estudio, al igual que la proyección de un análisis de los costos suscitados por daños en elementos de la infraestructura urbana, para este caso las viviendas del sector de estudio. Esta estimación y evaluación se llevó a cabo, mediante la adopción de una metodología apoyada en una plataforma SIG, de manera que posibilite la realización de un análisis de comparación entre el campo de aceleraciones pico (PGA) que se puede llegar a presentar durante un evento sísmico de una magnitud dada, el campo de aceleración crítica y los desplazamientos debidos al evento sísmico. / The research on the estimate of risk for landslides caused by seismic events, was performed on acquired data corresponding to the Medellin City , Republic of Colombia, with which we intend to implement a model based on tools from the Geomatics area, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to assist in the estimation and quantification of risk caused by this type of disaster on the slopes of the study jurisdiction, like the projection of an analysis of the costs arising from damage to urban infrastructure elements, in this case the houses on the study sector. This assessment and evaluation were carried out by adopting a methodology based on a GIS platform, so it enables the execution of a comparison analysis between the field of peak accelerations (PGA) that can be present during an earthquake of a given magnitude, the critical acceleration field and displacement due to the seismic event. / La Maestría en Geomática es una carrera dependiente de la Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas y la Facultad de Ingeniería, de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es determinar la concordancia entre las escalas PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster) y Framingham en pacientes receptores de Tratamiento Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad (TARGA). Método: Estudio transversal analítico en población masculina VIH positiva receptora de TARGA dentro de un hospital de referencia nacional ubicado en Lima, Perú. Para evaluar la concordancia entre ambas escalas se empleó el método gráfico de Bland y Altman, correlación con el coeficiente de Pearson y acuerdo entre pruebas mediante el coeficiente de Kappa. Resultados: Enrolamos 111 personas, con edad promedio de 47,0 años. El 76,6% presentó dislipidemia. Los triglicéridos evidenciaron una media de 265,0 mg/dL. La distribución de pacientes en riesgo cardiovascular bajo, moderado y alto fue de 81,2%, 13,6% y 5,4%, según PROCAM y de 71,2%, 25,2% y 3,6% según Framingham respectivamente. Según el método de Bland y Altman, la concordancia fue adecuada en valores bajos y se fue perdiendo en riesgos altos. El coeficiente de Pearson mostró fuerte correlación (r=0,87 y P<0,05) y el coeficiente de Kappa fue de 0,56 (p<0,001). Conclusiones: La concordancia existente a riesgos bajos se va perdiendo a medida que el riesgo se va incrementando. Existe fuerte correlación entre ambas escalas. Se recomienda realizar más estudios que permitan conocer qué escala es la más óptima para ser utilizada en población adulta VIH positiva receptora de TARGA. / Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the concordance between the PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster) and Framingham scales in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in HIV-positive male population who use HAART in a national reference hospital located in Lima, Peru. To evaluate the concordance between the two scales the graphic method of Bland and Altman was used, for the evaluation of the correlation we used the Pearson coefficient and to measure the agreement we use the kappa coefficient. Results: 111 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 47.0 years. The 76.6% had dyslipidemia. Triglycerides showed an average of 265.0 mg/dL. The distribution of patients according to the risk was low, moderate and high, 81.2%, 13.6% and 5.4% respectively for PROCAM and 71.2%, 25.2% and 3.6% for Framingham. According to the graphic method of Bland and Altman, the concordance was adequate in low values and was lost as the risk score increased. Pearson's test found a strong correlation (r = 0.87 and P <0.05) and the kappa coefficient was 0.56 (p<0,001). Conclusions: The agreement we found at low risk decreases as the risk increases. Strong correlation was found between the two scales. We recommend further studies in order to know which scale of cardiovascular risk is the most optimal scale for clinical practice among HIV population who receive HAART.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luisdomingosfornitano_tese.pdf: 1565670 bytes, checksum: acedd7e7a18ad6dcdbdc6b72c97ae59d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-26 / Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in its morbid form. Bariatric surgery is an effective therapeutic option for sustained weight loss. However, there is no consensus in these cases regarding the performance of functional tests for preoperative evaluations. Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze clinical, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic response variables using a conventional exercise test on individuals with morbid obesity in comparison to overweight individuals. Materials and Method: Six hundred seventeen cases were included. Group I had 290 patients with morbid obesity and Group II had 327 overweight patients. All were submitted to a conventional treadmill exercise test. Classic positivity criteria were used. Results: Both groups tolerated the test well. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of positivity of the test [ST segment abnormality or angor (p=0.3863) or ST segment abnormality alone (p=0.1000)]. The significantly higher values in the obese individuals were basal heart rate (HR), basal sistolic arterial pressure (SAP), maximum SAP, basal diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), maximum DAP, chronotropic incompetence (p<0.0001) and maximum double product (p<0.0421). The significantly lower values in the obese individuals were exercise time, maximum HR and METs values (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Hemodynamic parameters were significantly different between the two groups. However, there were no differences in terms of ST segment abnormalities or effort-induced angina. The very low functional capacity and complex arrhythmia found in some obese individuals draws attention to the need for complementary investigation with the aim of diminishing the risk of postoperative heart complications. / A obesidade é fator de risco independente para doença cardiovascular, particularmente em sua forma mórbida. A cirurgia bariátrica é opção terapêutica eficaz para o emagrecimento sustentado nesses casos não havendo, entretanto, consenso sobre a realização de testes funcionais para avaliação pré-operatória. Objetivo: Analisar as respostas clínicas, eletrocardiográficas e hemodinâmicas por teste ergométrico convencional, em portadores de obesidade mórbida em comparação a indivíduos com sobrepeso. Casuística e Método: Foram incluídos 617 casos sendo o Grupo I, com 290 pacientes obesos mórbidos e o Grupo II, com 327 pacientes com sobrepeso, todos submetidos a teste ergométrico convencional em esteira. Foram utilizados os critérios clássicos de positividade. Resultados: A prova foi bem tolerada por ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em termos de positividade do Teste (por alteração do segmento ST ou angor) [P = 0,3863] ou somente por alteração do segmento ST [P= 0,1000]. As variáveis significantemente maiores nos obesos foram: Freqüência cardíaca (FC) basal, Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) basal; PAS máxima; Pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) basal; PAD máxima; Déficit cronotrópico (P <0,0001) e o Duplo Produto (DP) máximo (P =0,0421). Os valores significantemente menores nos obesos foram: tempo de exercício, FC máxima e valores em METS (P<0,0001). Conclusões: Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos mostraram-se significantemente diferentes entre os dois grupos não havendo, porém, diferenças em termos de anormalidades do segmento ST ou angina induzida por esforço. A capacidade funcional muito baixa e as arritmias complexas observadas em alguns dos obesos alertam para a necessidade de investigação complementar no sentido de diminuir o risco de complicações cardíacas pós-operatórias.