Chai, Stella. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-126). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / PATENT AND PUBLICAION --- p.vii / CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS AND PRESENTATIONS --- p.viii / AWARDS --- p.ix / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.x / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiv / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.xviii / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Multidrug resistance (MDR) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Mechanisms of MDR in cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Drug entry --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Drug metabolism --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Drug sequestration --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Mechanisms activated after nuclear entry --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.5 --- Evasion of drug-induced apoptosis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Approaches in treating MDR --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Overcoming MDR by inhibiting transporters --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Overcoming MDR by altering signaling pathway --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- P-glycoprotein (P-gp) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP 1) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- Breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.4.4 --- ABC drug transporters and drug absorption --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in circumventing P-gp-mediated MDR --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Active ingredients in TCM - Alkaloid --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Active ingredients in TCM - Saponin --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Active ingredients in TCM - Flavonoid --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Active ingredients in TCM - Others --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- Polyoxypregnane compounds (POPs) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Characterization --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- POPs isolated from M. tenacissima --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of Current Study --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- EFFECTS OF POLYOXYPREGNANE COMPOUNDS ON VIABILITY AND PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN RESISTANT CANCER CELLS --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Chemicals, Materials and Reagents" --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Cell Lines and Cell Culture --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Preparation of POPs --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Sulforhodamine B assay --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2 --- Results --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Effects of POPs on the viability of parental SW620 and P-gp-overexpressing resistant SW620/Ad300 cells --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Effects of POPs on the viability of parental MCF-7 and MRP1-overexpressing resistant MCF-7/VP cells --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Effects of POPs on the viability of parental MCF-7 and ABCG2-overexpressing resistant MCF-7/FLV1000 cells --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Discussion --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Structure activity relationship (SAR) --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Nine compounds relating to P-gp-mediated MDR --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- MECHANISM OF NINE SELECTED POPS IN MODULATING P-GP-MEDIATED MDR --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Chemicals, Materials and Reagents" --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Methods --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Cell Lines and Cell Culture --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Extraction of nine POPs from M. tenacissima --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.2.4 --- Flow cytometry assay --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.2.5 --- P-gp ATPase assay --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.2.6 --- Immuno-blot/Western blot analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.2.7 --- Reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effects of nine selected POPs on the viability of sensitive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effects of nine selected POPs on the viability of MDR 1 -transfected HEK1 MDR1 cell line and its control vector transfected cell line HEK293 pcDNA3 --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effects of nine selected POPs in inhibiting efflux of P-gp substrate --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Effects of nine selected POPs in modulating P-gp ATPase activity --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Effects of nine selected POPs in regulating P-gp protein expression --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- MDR1 mRNA expression in various cell lines --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effective POPs are targeting specifically P-gp overexpression --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Mechanistic understanding the circumvention of MDR by the effective POPs --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Relative potency for the reversal of P-gp-mediated MDR --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Inhibition of P-gp-mediated drug efflux across cell membrane by the effective POPs --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Stimulation of ATPase by the effective POPs --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- No effect of POPs on the alteration of P-gp expression --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2.5 --- An overall summary of the mechanism of MDR reversal by the effective POPs --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Implication in drug disposition and drug-drug interactions --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Additional information for the structure activity relationship (SAR) --- p.80 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- EFFECTS OF CRUDE EXTRACT AND THREE MAJOR POLYOXYPREGNANES (POPS) OF MARS DEN I A TENACISSIMA --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- "Chemicals, Materials and Reagents" --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Methods --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- "Preparation of M. tenacissima extract, artificial mixture and three fractions" --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Sulforhodamine B assay --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- "Biotransformation study of POP68, POP69 and POP70" --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- HPLC-MS analysis --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1.2.5 --- Animal care and housing conditions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1.2.6 --- Toxicity studies of fraction 2 in mice --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Effects of crude extract, artificial mixture on the viability of sensitive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells" --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- "Effects of crude extract, artificial mixture on the viability of sensitive SW620 and P-gp-overexpressing resistant SW620/Ad300 cells" --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Metabolites of POP68, POP69 and POP70 after incubation with human intestinal microbiota" --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Toxicity of fraction 2 in mice --- p.94 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.98 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- FINAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.105 / REFERENCES --- p.108

Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2004. / Also held in print (202 leaves, 30 cm.) in Akoranga Theses Collection (T 610.951 WAN)

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-178).

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leave 167-178). Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

by James Sui-kiu Sham. / Bibliography: leaves 132-145 / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1983

by Go Tong-Ming, Thomas. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-95). / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- PURIFICATION OF α- AND β-MMCs --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITY OF αAND β-MMCs --- p.44 / REFERENCES --- p.86

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-35).