Background. Due to the increase in the rate of premature birth in the U.K., research into investigating psychological distress in parents of premature infants is clinically important. It has been identified that there is an absence of research in the area of psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma) in parents, particularly in fathers' of premature infants. Attachment theory states that templates of personal attachment are repeated from parents to children. Parents who have difficulty in forming an attachment with their newborn may be more likely to be psychologically distressed. Aims. The principle aim of the study was to understand the relationship between personal attachment style, psychological distress and trauma and the process of attachment in the postnatal period in the parents of premature infants. It aimed (1) to examine the most common personal attachment style of parents of premature infants, (2) to investigate, changes in psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma) for parents post birth and 3-4 months later, (3) to investigate the relationship between psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma) and parents own personal attachment style, (4) to investigate any changes in parents attachment to their infant post birth and 3-4 months later, and (5) to investigate the relationship between parental attachment to their infant and psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma). Method. Thirty-Two mothers and twenty-one fathers were recruited through neonatal intensive care units in two regional hospitals after the birth of their premature infant. Participants were also contacted 3-4 months later, twenty-two mothers and thirteen fathers completing and returning postal questionnaires. Findings. The participant group reported low scores on both the anxious and avoidant subscales of the Experience of Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R) Questionnaire. Therefore, indicating that the participant group are securely attached. Results revealed that overall; parents of premature infants had lower levels of anxiety and depression at Time 2 (3-4 months post-partum) in relation to Time 1 (after the birth of the infant). However, parents reported higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms at Time 2 in comparison to Time 1. Additionally, mothers of premature infants reported higher levels of psychological distress (anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms) at both Time periods in comparison to fathers. Mothers' anxiety scores (as measured by the HADS) reached caseness at Time 1. However, mothers' scores reduced significantly at Time 2. In relation to personal attachment style and changes in level of psychological distress, findings indicated a relationship. Mothers with lower avoidant scores reported a decrease in scores on the EPDS from Time 2 to Time 1. With respect to the relationship between changes in parental post-natal attachment and psychological distress, the overall findings suggest lower scores in three components of the Parental Post-Natal Attachment Scale (Tolerance, Pleasure in Proximity and Acceptance) at Time 2 in comparison to Time 1. However, the findings suggest higher scores on the Competence component of the Parental Post-Natal Attachment Scale at Time 2 in comparison to Time 1. Additionally, the findings highlighted a significant relationship between differences in both mothers' Competence scores and HADS depression scores. The findings also propose a significant relationship between changes in both Pleasure in Proximity scores and HADS anxiety and depression scores Conclusion. The findings highlight the importance of assessing parents' levels of psychological distress after the birth of their infant. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of including fathers' of premature infants in the post-care of their infants to encourage positive interactions with their infant and thereby enabling them to gain from being in close proximity to their infant. Therefore, the findings highlight the importance of continued care for parents post-discharge as the findings indicate that the parents experience difficulties at both follow-up and in NICU.

There is a need for structured research into the psychodynamic psychotherapies to strengthen evidence-based practice knowledge and communicate this knowledge to practitioners and funders. We know that group psychotherapy is effective, but many outcome assessment instruments fail to reflect process and individual experience. The current study used the Therapeutic Factors Questionnaire in an attempt to add to research knowledge of process. In this exploratory study, twenty-two participants in small group psychotherapy at a day attendance therapeutic community rated eleven factors for perceived helpfulness in a modified version of Yalom's Therapeutic Factors Questionnaire, at five time points in the year. Therapists completed an identical version for each member, conveying what they thought each member had found most helpful in that period. Members who had been in the group for a year participated in a semi-structured interview, which was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. TFQ data was collated into three six-month phases dependent on length of time in the group. Admission data on individual clinical problems was coded by the researcher into nine categories. Lower than expected numbers made the drawing of conclusions from the quantitative data impossible, though statistical analysis showed certain trends. However, interviews provided a particularly rich source of information, which also suggested that the TFQ trends were probably authentic. Two complete cases were explored in terms of the relationship between TFQ and interview results.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Syracuse University, 2009. / "Publication number: AAT 3385853."

<p> Mental illness is a serious problem in the U.S. and has historically been treated using traditional psychotherapies. However, mind/body modalities such as those in the field of somatic psychology are beginning to be recognized as alternative treatments. Tai chi is also a mind/body healing practice that has potential links to somatic psychology. A purposive sample of 10 clinicians was interviewed regarding the incorporation of tai chi in psychotherapy. Data was collected via semistructured interviews, transcribed, and was analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) producing three themes and eight subthemes. The three themes included (1) tai chi and theoretical models; (2) tai chi in psychotherapy; and (3) tai chi as a resource. The findings have theoretical and clinical implications for the role of tai chi in psychotherapy.</p><p>

<p> Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis explores the possibility of a psychedelic Amazonian plant medicine known as ayahuasca to be used in the treatment of depression and addiction. Incorporating a depth psychology approach, this thesis explores the similarities and differences between Peruvian shamanism and Jungian depth psychology. The author draws on depth psychological theory in analyzing her experiences with ayahuasca, highlighting the role of psychotherapy in integrating her experiences as part of her process of individuation and healing trauma. The research points to a positive correlation between ayahuasca use and the treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and substance use disorders such as alcohol use disorder. The thesis examines the role of spirituality and experiences with the numinous in helping one to heal from mood disorders and substance dependency and find a greater sense of empowerment and meaning in life.</p><p>