Using the characteristics of small-business firms and of their owners, the information from both the joint credit information center and loan auditors, and logistic models, this study analyzes the determinants of the approval of small-business loans made by credit officers. The study also examines whether these determinants are significant in the logistic models of loan default and provide suggestions to credit officers for approving small-business loans. The main findings of this study are as follows. 1. Some specific proxy variables for the characteristics of small-business firms and of their owners and information from both the joint credit information center and loan auditors are significant determinants in the logistic models of loan approval. Their importance or significance will differ when the sample loans are categorized on the basis of sales. 2. The significant determinants in the logistic models of loan default are also significant determinants in the logistic models of loan approval. The result indicates that credit officers are able to effectively consider some factors contributing to loan default when they make loan decisions. Thus, the credit officers perform well in managing credit risk when approving loans. 3. The number of significant determinants in the logistic models of loan approval is far greater than that in the models of loan default. The finding implies that credit officers may place more stringent criteria in approving loans and lose some profitable business opportunities. 4. Establishing different criteria on the basis of sales when approving loans can facilitate the increase in the rate of loan approval and decrease in the rate of loan default. 5. The information from loan auditors plays an important role in the approval of loans to firms with small sales. It seems not to be the case in the approval of loans to firms with large sales. Therefore, it is better that loan auditors be equipped with abundant knowledge of various industrial sectors and be given well on-job training. Moreover, the performance of loan auditors should be independent with the number or size of loans.

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This report analyzes Small and Medium Enterprises and their use as a development tool. There is evidence to suggest that Small and Medium Enterprises can create jobs and offer wage premiums to employees. Because of these development benefits, in the last ten years, there has been a substantial industry built around supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in developing countries. The report examines the theory of change surrounding Small and Medium Enterprises and then explores the three main challenges that affect their growth and success: financing, human capital, and the enabling environment. For each challenge, the report examines how it affects Small and Medium Enterprises, solutions to the challenges, and the solutions' level of impact. Ultimately, the report offers a research agenda as well as policy recommendations for Small and Medium Enterprises in international development. / text

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This study was a research on the effects of the change in the tax system on small medium sized enterprises. Its focus was in Swaziland. It concludes by giving recommendations on how the tax system can be improved in view of what have succeeded in other countries with an almost similar economy. It also recommends more research in this field.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The focus of this research is evaluating the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro - chemical small and medium enterprises in Akure, Nigeria. The importance of small and medium business development cannot be overemphasized because it plays a significant role in developed nation’s economy of the world. The development of small business has been variously referred to as a “source of employment generation”. Poverty and unemployment is a big challenge to the government of Nigeria and there is continual increase in the unemployment rate, which is alarming and has resulted in socio-political and economic crises. There are efforts by government to tackle this scourge. In order to fill this gap, government established various institutions with policies and programmes to tackle unemployment and poverty. However, the problem still persists. The government of Nigeria established the National Directorate of Employment programme, which main objective is designed to cater for unemployed youth and jobless people across the country. This study evaluated the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro chemical - sector in order to assess its influence in job creation and poverty reduction in Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. Within the investigation, my research focused at the appropriate legislation and policies of the National Directorate of Employment programme. The study comprises of mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative approach) using both primary and secondary data.

This study was a research on the effects of the change in the tax system on small medium sized enterprises. Its focus was in Swaziland. It concludes by giving recommendations on how the tax system can be improved in view of what have succeeded in other countries with an almost similar economy. It also recommends more research in this field.

Under the impact of double cards in the past two years, domestic banks have tightened the business of the double cards and been stricter on the examination of credit terms such as house loans with guarantees. The focus of credit business has been switched to corporate finance from consumer finance. The credit to small/medium enterprises is the main goal. In the long past, economic policies of the government have aimed at helping small/medium enterprises in sustainable development. From the data of White Paper on Small/medium Enterprises, close to 97.8 (over 1.16 million) companies in 2005 in Taiwan were small/medium enterprises, which have been the cornerstone of macroeconomic development in Taiwan. It is an urgent job to foster professional credit personnel to meet the needs of government¡¦s policies or in the overall financial environment. The purpose of this study is establish and develop the required knowledge, skills and qualities at work of credit personnel at banks to small/medium enterprises in order to help banks¡¦ recruitment, screening/training development, and improving/ehnahcing job performance to have the personnel make contribution to the banks. The process is literature exploration, job analysis and behaviorial interviews to establish competency structure and competency scale. Formal interviews are made with middle/high ranking supervisors at banks of different nature with over 10 years of experiences in lending to small/medium enterprises. Questionnaires are collected for statistics and analysis to develop the competency model of credit personnel. The conclusions are: 1. The required competency of credit personnel to small/medium enterprises includes product knowledge, market information,judgment,communication, activeness/aggresiveness, mofive of acheivment and establiment of relations. Banks of different nature have slightly views on the competency, which is resulted from the corporte culture, organization structure or other factors. Future researchers can focus on this. 2.For a successful credit staffer to small/medium enterprises, the most important is qualities in the competency, followed by professional knowledge. Skills are relatively less important. Judement is the most significant in the skill aspect, which is apparently different from that of common sales representatives. Future resarchers can focus on whether it has anything to do with the nature of the products sold. Keywords : competency, credit, credit personnel, small/medium enterprises

The objective with this research was to investigate and understand the adoption of cloud computing and to find the process of adopting cloud services. The method used to collect data was interviews. To find both the users and the providers perspective two cases were investigated, one user case and one provider case. The results were divided into two parts, the first a number of categories that were found when comparing the user case to the provider case, the second a process that describes the adoption of cloud computing. The categories in the first part of the results are; decision process, definition of cloud computing, integration and security, adoption and future development. When analyzing the results we came to the conclusion that both users and providers are striving for simplicity, security and to move the responsibility away from the user. The adoption of cloud computing is not as complex as many organizations have thought and by moving the applications and hardware out of the organization the user can focus on its core strategies.