Thesis (M. A. Agriculture (Plant Protection)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The influence of cultural practices can be modified by environmental conditions such as container-type or positioning. The objective of the study was to determine whether container-type and positioning would have an influence on the growth of tomato plants and suppression of Meloidogyne javanica exposed to biomuti (Trial 1) and Afrikelp (Trial 2). Different container-types were filled with approximately 10.4 L growing mixture comprising steam-pasteurised sandy loam soil and Hygromix-T at 3:1 (v/v) ratio. The containers were established in microplots at 0.6 m × 0.6 m spacing, with treatments being brown pot-below; brown pot-above, black pot-below, black pot-above, plastic bag-above and plastic bag-below. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. 'Floradade' seedlings were each transplanted and irrigated with 500 ml chlorine-free tapwater every other day. Seven days after transplanting, each plant was inoculated with 2000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. Biomuti and Afrikelp, obtained from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Vegetable, Ornamentals and Plants (VOP), were applied in separate trials weekly at 2.5%. At 56 days after inoculation, plant growth including selected nutrient elements and nematode variables were measured. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, with separation of means achieved using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test at the probability level of 5%. In the biomuti trial, container-type and positioning had a significant effect on plant height, fruit number, dry root mass, dry shoot mass and fruit mass, contributing 82, 48, 44, 85 and 89% in total treatment variation (TTV) of the respective variables. Relative to brown pot-below; black pot above, plastic bag-above and brown pot-above reduced plant variables, whereas treatment effects were not significant on nematode variables. In the Afrikelp trial, trends where similar to those in biomuti, treatments had highly significant effects on xvi plant height, dry root mass, dry shoot mass and gall rating, contributing 91, 88, 66 and 60% in TTV of the respective variables. Relative to brown pot-below; black pot above, plastic bag-above and brown pot-above reduced the plant variables, but had no significant effects on nematode variables. Generally, plastic bags and polyethylene pots below-ground improved most plant growth variables when compared to those in containers positioned above-ground.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-20. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829026.pdf: 336457 bytes, checksum: 8b02bbfade913853e331d4f14b9e3cc1 (MD5) / A cultura de cana-de-açúcar é de grande importância para a economia brasileira. Os fitonematoides são um dos fatores limitantes na maioria dos canaviais causando grandes perdas à cultura. O manejo dos nematoides é feito através de nematicidas químicos que são prejudiciais ao homem, meio ambiente e produtos colhidos, devido sua alta toxicidade. O controle biológico tem sido uma alternativa viável e sustentável para o manejo dos nematoides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar espécies de Bacillus no controle de Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica in vitro e na cana-de-açúcar. Foram instalados experimentos em condições de laboratório com delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos: Cadusafós 200 CS (14 L/ha); B. subtillis; B. firmus e B. amyloliquefaciens (1 e 10 L/ha), além de uma testemunha (água). Os ensaios em vasos, à céu aberto, tiveram delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos B. subtilis (10 L/ha), B. firmus (10 L/ha), B. amyloliquefaciens (10 L/ha), Carbofurano 350 SC (5 L/ha - tratamento padrão) e uma testemunha, com cinco repetições e duas avaliações (100 e 150 dias após inoculação e aplicação dos tratamentos). No ensaio in vitro, B. firmus (10 L/ha) é o mais eficiente para diminuir a eclosão de J2 de M. javanica, sendo estasticamente semelhante ao produto químico testado. Quanto a motilidade de J2 de M. javanica, B. subtilis (10 L/ha) e B. amyloliquefaciens (1 e 10 L/ha), causam a mortalidade do nematoide, porém inferior ao padrão químico testado. Para M. incognita, B. firmus (10 L/ha) proporciona maior eclosão de J2. Quanto a motilidade de J2 de M. incognita, Cadusafós 200 CS (14 L/ha) causou a maior mortalidade. Nos ensaios em vasos, todos os tratamentos aumentam o número de perfilhos, mas não controlam os nematoides / The sugar-cane crop is very important to Brazilian economy. Phytonematodes are among the main limitating factors of such culture causing great losses. Chemical nematicides are harmful to humans, environment, harvested products, and are the main method used to manage the populations of these nematodes. Biological control have been a sustainable alternative to manage these nematodes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Bacillus species for control Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica in vitro and in sugar cane plants. We set assays in laboratory conditions in a completely random design with the treatments: Cadusafós 200 CS (14 L/ha), B. subitilis, B. firmus, B. amyloliquefaciens (1 and 10 L/ha) and a control (water). The pot assay, in a semi-field condition, had a completely random design with the treatments: B. subtilis (10 L/ha), B. firmus (10 L/ha), B. amyloliquefaciens (10 L/ha), Carbofurano 350 SC, with five replicates and two evaluation periods (100 and 150 days after inculation and application of treatments). At laboratory assay B. firmus (10 L/ha) was the most efficient in decreasing the M. javanica J2 eclosion and were statistically similar to the chemical nematicide tested. For M. javanica J2 mobility, B. subtilis (10 L/ha) and B. amyloliquefaciens (1 and 10 L/ha) cause nematode mortality, but lower than that presented by the chemical. To M. incognita, B. firmus (10 L/ha) provides higher J2 eclosion. For the M. incognita J2 mobility, Cadusafos 200CS (14 L/ha) caused higher mortality. In the pot assay, all treatments increase the number of tillers but do not control the nematodes

Orientador: Pedro Luiz Martins Soares / Coorientador: Jaime Maia dos Santos / Banca: Bruno Flávio Figueiredo Barbosa / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Resumo: A cultura de cana-de-açúcar é de grande importância para a economia brasileira. Os fitonematoides são um dos fatores limitantes na maioria dos canaviais causando grandes perdas à cultura. O manejo dos nematoides é feito através de nematicidas químicos que são prejudiciais ao homem, meio ambiente e produtos colhidos, devido sua alta toxicidade. O controle biológico tem sido uma alternativa viável e sustentável para o manejo dos nematoides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar espécies de Bacillus no controle de Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica in vitro e na cana-de-açúcar. Foram instalados experimentos em condições de laboratório com delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos: Cadusafós 200 CS (14 L/ha); B. subtillis; B. firmus e B. amyloliquefaciens (1 e 10 L/ha), além de uma testemunha (água). Os ensaios em vasos, à céu aberto, tiveram delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos B. subtilis (10 L/ha), B. firmus (10 L/ha), B. amyloliquefaciens (10 L/ha), Carbofurano 350 SC (5 L/ha - tratamento padrão) e uma testemunha, com cinco repetições e duas avaliações (100 e 150 dias após inoculação e aplicação dos tratamentos). No ensaio in vitro, B. firmus (10 L/ha) é o mais eficiente para diminuir a eclosão de J2 de M. javanica, sendo estasticamente semelhante ao produto químico testado. Quanto a motilidade de J2 de M. javanica, B. subtilis (10 L/ha) e B. amyloliquefaciens (1 e 10 L/ha), causam a mortalidade do nematoide, porém inferior ao padrão químico testado. Para M. incognita, B. firmus (10 L/ha) proporciona maior eclosão de J2. Quanto a motilidade de J2 de M. incognita, Cadusafós 200 CS (14 L/ha) causou a maior mortalidade. Nos ensaios em vasos, todos os tratamentos aumentam o número de perfilhos, mas não controlam os nematoides / Abstract: The sugar-cane crop is very important to Brazilian economy. Phytonematodes are among the main limitating factors of such culture causing great losses. Chemical nematicides are harmful to humans, environment, harvested products, and are the main method used to manage the populations of these nematodes. Biological control have been a sustainable alternative to manage these nematodes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Bacillus species for control Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica in vitro and in sugar cane plants. We set assays in laboratory conditions in a completely random design with the treatments: Cadusafós 200 CS (14 L/ha), B. subitilis, B. firmus, B. amyloliquefaciens (1 and 10 L/ha) and a control (water). The pot assay, in a semi-field condition, had a completely random design with the treatments: B. subtilis (10 L/ha), B. firmus (10 L/ha), B. amyloliquefaciens (10 L/ha), Carbofurano 350 SC, with five replicates and two evaluation periods (100 and 150 days after inculation and application of treatments). At laboratory assay B. firmus (10 L/ha) was the most efficient in decreasing the M. javanica J2 eclosion and were statistically similar to the chemical nematicide tested. For M. javanica J2 mobility, B. subtilis (10 L/ha) and B. amyloliquefaciens (1 and 10 L/ha) cause nematode mortality, but lower than that presented by the chemical. To M. incognita, B. firmus (10 L/ha) provides higher J2 eclosion. For the M. incognita J2 mobility, Cadusafos 200CS (14 L/ha) caused higher mortality. In the pot assay, all treatments increase the number of tillers but do not control the nematodes / Mestre