No description available.

No description available.

Introduction: Most women will experience symptoms at menopause, some will be bothersome. Little is known about the experience of menopausal symptoms in Scotland since the 2002 change in clinical guidelines for managing menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to reassess the impact and management of menopausal symptoms in the community, and identify factors associated with symptom experience. Methods: In 2009 a postal questionnaire was sent to 8,206 women aged 45-54, registered with 16 Scottish general practices. To validate the shortened illness perception measure, 360 respondents to the main survey were sent one of two postal questionnaires. Results: Most commonly reported symptoms were tiredness, aches and pains and sleep difficulties. The classic menopausal symptoms of hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness were reported by 46.7%, 46.4% and 28.2% of women, respectively. Common menopausal symptom management strategies included talking to friends and family, wearing cotton clothes, sleeping in a cool room, and exercise. Herbal remedies were more commonly used than prescription drugs. Nearly one fifth of women had used HRT. Menopausal status, education, social support, reporting other symptoms, BMI, smoking status, use of management strategies, possible presence of depression, and physical health were associated with reporting classic menopausal symptoms. Factors associated with “doing well” or “doing badly” with hot flushes or night sweats was symptom dependent. Bother from menstrual periods, children, BMI, education, smoking, physical health, use of psychological strategies, and perceived consequences of symptoms were associated with “doing well” or “doing badly” with hot flushes or night sweats. The shortened IPQ-R scale had good reliability, moderate validity but poor internal consistency. Conclusion: Menopausal symptoms are common and often bothersome. Identifying women who appear to do well or badly with hot flushes and night sweats could be useful for tailoring interventions. A more robust measure of illness perceptions is needed.

A dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Diploma in Technology: Homoeopathy, Natal Technikon, 1995. / The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the selected Homoeopathic remedy on the menopausal syndrome in terms of the patients perception of the treatment. It was hypothesized that the Homoeopathic medicine would improve the patients perception of the treatment. Participants were drawn from the greater Durban area. Convenience sampling was used to draw patients into the trial. Volunteers responded to advertisements that had been placed in various advertising media. For acceptance into the trial, the participants were required to have a gynecological examination by a registered gynecologist, to confirm that they were menopausal. Of the participants meeting the above criteria thirty were chosen to participate in the trial. Fifteen constituted the placebo/control group and were given a placebo, and fifteen constituted the treatment group and were given the selected Homoeopathic medicine according to their simillimum. This was a double blind study with the medicine being dispensed on a random basis by a qualified pharmacist in order to eliminate bias. Three participants dropped out in the early stages of the study and were replaced by three other patients. Patient perception was measured by means of questionnaires / M

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title from title page (viewed Apr. 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69).

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2008

Women who experience early natural menopause, or surgical menopause, may be prone to any morbidity and mortality risk related to oestrogen deficiency. The thesis aimed to explore the long-term sequelae of the menopause by investigating current knowledge about the relationship between early age at natural menopause, any surgical menopause, and early age at surgical menopause, and future mortality, incident cancer, and incident circulatory disease. The thesis also investigated the long-term sequelae of menopause using data from a nested cohort of UK women from the Royal College of General Practitioners’ Oral Contraception Study [RCGP OCS]. Methods A portfolio of systematic reviews was conducted. To assess whether a young age at natural menopause, any surgical menopause, and a young age at surgical menopause were associated with mortality and ill-health, data from the RCGP OCS were analysed using Cox regression and competing risks. Results Systematic reviews: 153 papers were included, of varying quality. The heterogeneity of included studies’ exposure and reference groups meant that meta-analysis was not possible. Younger age at natural menopause was strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, but not cancer-related death. A suggestion of an increased risk was found for cardiovascular death. Young natural menopause protected strongly against incident endometrial and weakly against ovarian cancers. Few studies examined cervical cancer and age at natural menopause was not a risk factor. Colorectal cancer was not consistently associated with age at natural menopause. Young age at natural menopause was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease [CHD], but not cerebrovascular disease. Little evidence was found that surgical, compared with natural menopause was associated with any mortality outcomes. Surgical menopause tended to protect against ovarian cancer but no effect was found for cervical cancer. The relationship between colorectal cancer, or cerebrovascular disease, and surgical menopause is unclear. More evidence showed that surgical menopause may increase the risk of CHD. Limited evidence for young age at combined natural and surgical menopause found it to increase the risk of all-cause mortality and perhaps cardiovascular death. There was no association with risk of cancer death. No clear associations were found for early age at combined natural and surgical menopause and any of the specific cancers examined, or cerebrovascular disease. There may be an association with CHD, but its evidence base was weak. Nested cohort of the RCGP OCS: Premature menopause was associated with decreased risk of: all-cause, cancer-, and circulatory-related mortality, all incident cancer, other cancers, and CHD. Premature menopause was not associated with: incident breast, main gynaecological, or colorectal cancer; all circulatory disease, cerebrovascular disease, or other circulatory disease. For early natural menopause, a significantly decreased risk was observed for: death from all causes, cancer, and non-cancer, non-circulatory causes; incident all cancer, colorectal cancer (borderline), other cancers; incident all circulatory disease and CHD. No significant risk was observed for circulatory mortality; incident breast or main gynaecological cancer; incident cerebrovascular disease or other circulatory disease. Compared with natural menopause, surgical menopause increased circulatory-related mortality only. The risk of incident main gynaecological cancers was decreased. The other incident cancer outcomes were not associated with surgical menopause. Risk of any, and each type of incident circulatory disease was not significantly altered with surgical menopause.

No description available.

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 207 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-207). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center