No description available.

Memory function was examined in association with sex hormone levels in women. The results of the first study suggest that self-reports of memory problems were especially prevalent among women attending a menopause clinic compared to a nonpatient sample. In the following investigation, women given placebo after undergoing a bilateral oophorectomy showed decreases in memory performance, specifically on a paired-associate learning task, coincident with declines in estrogen levels. Significant improvements were found in estrogen-treated women pre- to postoperatively in the immediate recall of paragraphs, in association with supraphysiological estrogen levels. A final study on naturally-cycling women found a decline in visual memory performance during the menstrual compared to the luteal phase of the cycle. Visual memory scores were positively correlated with progesterone levels whereas paired-associate recall scores were positively associated with estradiol levels during the luteal phase. These results suggest that certain aspects of memory covary with changes in sex steroid levels in some women.

No description available.

No description available.

Not a lot of research has been done on the middle age years despite this being a pivotal time for adults. Women at this stage of their lives undergo many changes such as perimenopause to complete menopause, having to take care of aging parents, and losing a spouse. Additionally, women tend to seek other women for help and support and form a community that is bound by common concerns and experiences. This qualitative case study explored how a group of middle-aged women experienced life changing events and how their faith and community enabled them to overcome the challenges those incidents brought to their lives. This study also looked into other factors that contributed to their being able to confront and overcome the challenges from those experiences . Thirteen women from one faith community in Manila, Philippines were interviewed individually to find answers to the following research questions: 1. How do middle-aged women describe the life-changing event they have experienced? 2. What approach(es) do middle-aged women take when they are undergoing a life changing event so they can cope with the situation they are experiencing? 3. In what ways does the faith community help the women in the group cope with the life changing event? 4. What other factors may influence these women’s ability to copy with the life changing events they face? Another five women from a different faith community were engaged in a focus group discussion to corroborate the following findings from the individual interviews: 1. Unanticipated events were often challenging and devastating and had a major impact on the lives of these middle-aged women. Additionally, those events did not happen in isolation but, rather, led to other events that were even more lifechanging. 2. When confronted with an unexpected, life-changing event, these middle-aged women were faced with a myriad of feelings and emotions that they examined, evaluated and shared with people they trusted. They also handled their own situation by seeking help from others. 3. Support was a critical element in the ability of these middle-aged women to confront and overcome a devastating transition event. Their faith community offered various types of support during most of the events. 4. The faith of middle-aged women was a significant factor in confronting and overcoming those unexpected events. The women believed their faith made them stronger and made them determined to prevail over the circumstances of the event. This study concluded the following: 1. Middle-aged women go through a variety of highly impactful transitions and their reactions to the event vary from one woman to another depending on the context in which it occurs and the impact on the woman’s life. The manner in which a woman in this age range adapts to the transition event will predict how they are able to cope with the impact of the event on their lives. 2. Support provided by the network built by a woman over her lifetime is essential in confronting and overcoming challenges posed by a transition event. Support can come in different forms and is appreciated by the women. That support enables them to confront, overcome and adapt to the transition event. 3. The women’s religious beliefs are critical to recovery and growth of these middle-aged women and sustain them as they are adapting to their transition events.

No description available.

Depression is a major mental health problem for women. Several lines of evidence suggest that fluctuating levels of estrogen associated with various reproductive events are related to changes in mood. It has been hypothesized that estrogen may exert its influence on mood via its effect on the serotonergic system---a system frequently implicated in the regulation of mood. The major goal of the following study was to elucidate further the role of estrogen in mood regulation. To this end, we examined the role of estrogen in the mood-lowering effect of Acute Tryptohpan Deption (ATD), a technique designed to cause a marked lowering of plasma and brain tryptophan, and therefore brain serotonin levels, so that the effects of decreased serotonin on mood can be studied directly. We hypothesized that (1) exogenous estrogen may protect against the mood-lowering effects of ATD in postmenopausal women and that (2) a history of affective disturbance, particularly reproduction-related affective disturbance, would be associated with greater vulnerability to ATD as predicted by the kindling model of depression. Fifty-eight postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to treatment with estrogen (0.625 mg Premarin) or placebo in the context of prospective, double-blind, cross-over design. During the final two week sof the 12-week treatment phase, all participants completed one ATD test session and one nutritionally balanced amino acid control session. We found that: (1) treatment with exogenous estrogen significantly improved mood and menopausal symptoms as compared to placebo treatment, (2) ATD was associated with a significant lowering of mood in both groups, (3) treatment with estrogen did not protect women from ATD effects unless they responded to 11 weeks of treatment with exogenous estrogen with enhanced mood, and (4) a history of reproduction-related affective disturbance was associated with more dysphoric mood in response to ATD. In conclusion, these data provide further evi

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini / Banca: Adriana Lucia Mendes / Banca: Edilaine Michelin / Resumo: A menopausa consiste numa etapa normal do processo de envelhecimento da mulher, e é marcada pela amenorréia permanente. É um evento que decorre de alterações nos níveis dos hormônios sexuais femininos e promove uma série de modificações fisiológicas que predispõem ao surgimento ou agravamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O aumento da prevalência do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) está relacionado ao crescimento da obesidade e cerca de 90% do DM2 é atribuída ao excesso de peso. A identificação de doenças e respectivos fatores de risco que afetam mulheres durante o envelhecimento permitem introduzir programas preventivos que evitem ou retardem seu início, com consequente diminuição da incidência de mortalidade e, portanto, aumento da qualidade de vida. Sabe-se que mudanças no estilo de vida resultam na diminuição do DM e que o exercício físico é uma ferramenta não farmacológica importante no combate dessa doença. Pacientes com DM2 fisicamente ativos melhoram a sensibilidade à insulina por meio do aumento da massa muscular, aumento do fluxo sanguíneo, e da densidade dos receptores de insulina e maior captação e utilização de glicose pelo músculo esquelético. A redução do tecido adiposo induzida pelo treinamento físico em pacientes com DM também melhora a sensibilidade à insulina e a tolerância à glicose. O exercício intervalado (alta intensidade) requer maior recrutamento de fibras musculares e o esgotamento dos estoques de glicogênio muscular ocorre mais rapidamente em todos os tipos de fibras musculares. Deste modo, há melhor captação de glicose muscular e re-sintese de glicogênio pós-exercício quando comparados com os exercícios de baixa ou moderada intensidade. Além disso, maior recrutamento de fibra muscular pode conduzir a adaptações metabólicas em mais fibras musculares, sustentando os efeitos no controle metabólico e a sensibilidade à insulina. O exercício de alta... / Abstract: Menopause is a normal part of the aging process of the woman, which is marked by permanent amenorrhea. It is an event that results from changes in levels of female sex hormones and consequently promotes a series of physiological changes that culminate in the predisposition to the emergence or worsening of chronic diseases. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to the growth of obesity and about 90% of T2DM is attributed to excess weight. The identification of diseases and their risk factors affecting women during aging allow the introduction of preventive measures to prevent or delay its onset, with consequent reduction in the incidence of mortality and thus increase quality of life programs. It is known that changes in lifestyle result in decreased DM and that physical exercise is an important nonpharmacological tool in fighting this disease. Physically active patients with T2DM improve insulin sensitivity by increasing muscle mass, increasing blood flow, increasing in density of insulin receptors, greater uptake and utilization of glucose by skeletal muscle. The reduction of adipose tissue induced by physical training in patients with DM also improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The interval exercise protocol (high intensity) requires greater muscle fiber recruitment and the depletion of muscle glycogen stores occurs more quickly in all types of muscle fibers. Thus, there are better muscle glucose uptake and resynthesize of glycogen after exercise if compared with exercise of low or moderate intensity. Furthermore, increased recruitment of muscle fiber can lead to metabolic adaptations in more muscle fibers, maintenance of the effects on metabolic control and insulin sensitivity. The high-intensity exercise, so can show advantages in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:23:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:29:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851310.pdf: 842976 bytes, checksum: 7a304b971ff57b2b9534aff8373976d6 (MD5) / A menopausa consiste numa etapa normal do processo de envelhecimento da mulher, e é marcada pela amenorréia permanente. É um evento que decorre de alterações nos níveis dos hormônios sexuais femininos e promove uma série de modificações fisiológicas que predispõem ao surgimento ou agravamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O aumento da prevalência do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) está relacionado ao crescimento da obesidade e cerca de 90% do DM2 é atribuída ao excesso de peso. A identificação de doenças e respectivos fatores de risco que afetam mulheres durante o envelhecimento permitem introduzir programas preventivos que evitem ou retardem seu início, com consequente diminuição da incidência de mortalidade e, portanto, aumento da qualidade de vida. Sabe-se que mudanças no estilo de vida resultam na diminuição do DM e que o exercício físico é uma ferramenta não farmacológica importante no combate dessa doença. Pacientes com DM2 fisicamente ativos melhoram a sensibilidade à insulina por meio do aumento da massa muscular, aumento do fluxo sanguíneo, e da densidade dos receptores de insulina e maior captação e utilização de glicose pelo músculo esquelético. A redução do tecido adiposo induzida pelo treinamento físico em pacientes com DM também melhora a sensibilidade à insulina e a tolerância à glicose. O exercício intervalado (alta intensidade) requer maior recrutamento de fibras musculares e o esgotamento dos estoques de glicogênio muscular ocorre mais rapidamente em todos os tipos de fibras musculares. Deste modo, há melhor captação de glicose muscular e re-sintese de glicogênio pós-exercício quando comparados com os exercícios de baixa ou moderada intensidade. Além disso, maior recrutamento de fibra muscular pode conduzir a adaptações metabólicas em mais fibras musculares, sustentando os efeitos no controle metabólico e a sensibilidade à insulina. O exercício de alta... / Menopause is a normal part of the aging process of the woman, which is marked by permanent amenorrhea. It is an event that results from changes in levels of female sex hormones and consequently promotes a series of physiological changes that culminate in the predisposition to the emergence or worsening of chronic diseases. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to the growth of obesity and about 90% of T2DM is attributed to excess weight. The identification of diseases and their risk factors affecting women during aging allow the introduction of preventive measures to prevent or delay its onset, with consequent reduction in the incidence of mortality and thus increase quality of life programs. It is known that changes in lifestyle result in decreased DM and that physical exercise is an important nonpharmacological tool in fighting this disease. Physically active patients with T2DM improve insulin sensitivity by increasing muscle mass, increasing blood flow, increasing in density of insulin receptors, greater uptake and utilization of glucose by skeletal muscle. The reduction of adipose tissue induced by physical training in patients with DM also improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The interval exercise protocol (high intensity) requires greater muscle fiber recruitment and the depletion of muscle glycogen stores occurs more quickly in all types of muscle fibers. Thus, there are better muscle glucose uptake and resynthesize of glycogen after exercise if compared with exercise of low or moderate intensity. Furthermore, increased recruitment of muscle fiber can lead to metabolic adaptations in more muscle fibers, maintenance of the effects on metabolic control and insulin sensitivity. The high-intensity exercise, so can show advantages in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM