<p> This is a history between 1960 and 2000 of asylums operated in the United States for children labeled as &ldquo;severely or profoundly mentally retarded,&rdquo; and &ldquo;emotionally and behaviorally disturbed.&rdquo; I use one primary case study of the Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York. Willowbrook has already received some focus in the works of David and Shelia Rothman as well as Drs. David Goode, Darryl Hill, and William Bronston, and Geraldo Rivera&rsquo;s newscast in 1972. Primary focus has been given to it because it is both unique and indicative of asylums across the U.S. during the mid 20th Century. It was unique in some of the severity of treatment, which its residents experienced, but overall mirrors national trends in brutal and neglectful living conditions. It also signals larger national trends in the mid to late 70s, which carry over into the 80s and early 90s as part of the deinstitutionalization movement. I find that this movement was largely a response to the conditions for which Willowbrook became a national symbol. Furthermore, even in the wake of the deinstitutionalization movement, there are many problems with federal and state policy that disproportionately disaffect people of color as well as poor people. Finally, I argue that the historical canon must expand somewhat to take into account Deleuze and Guattari&rsquo;s ideas about Societies of Control. Many scholars, such as the Rothman, Tonya Titchkosky, Kim E. Nielsen, and others base their work on the Foucault&rsquo;s notion of a &lsquo;disciplinary&rsquo; society. But Deleuze (sometimes with Guattari) offers a sympathetic critique of Foucault&rsquo;s understanding of discipline that adds a great deal of depth to the study of asylums and deinstitutionalization in the mid to late 20th Century.</p>

No description available.

Esta dissertação parte do pressuposto que a Saúde Mental, a Atenção Primária e a articulação entre essas, são proposições originárias de outros contextos históricos e realidades sociais, havendo portanto uma retradução nos seus processos de assimilação no Brasil e no Estado de São Paulo. A partir disso, a investigação segue em dois eixos: a construção do campo da Saúde Mental e suas articulações com a Saúde de forma geral e à Atenção Primária; o seguimento da articulação da Saúde Mental à Atenção Primária no Estado de São Paulo. O estudo conclui que a Saúde Mental emerge numa condição histórica de favorecimento de políticas públicas de reinclusão social, numa possibilidade de extensão assistencial populacional. Desse modo, integra proposições higiênicas e terapêuticas, mantendo-se como higiene social normativa. A investigação conclui também que a integração das ações médicas às ações preventivas, consideradas dentro de níveis de prevenção, faz com que a Saúde Mental possa se articular à Atenção Primária e aos serviços de Saúde Pública. No Estado de São Paulo, a emergência da Saúde Mental em Atenção Primária, de forma abrangente, realiza-se no contexto de redemocratização política, em 1982, sendo resultado da convergência da implementação das Ações Integradas de Saúde, do movimento de descentralização do Estado brasileiro e da tomada da proposta de Atenção Primária como lema democrático. Esta implementação realiza-se de forma peculiar no Estado de São Paulo, com a alocação de equipes multiprofissionais de Saúde Mental nas redes de cuidados primários à saúde, caracterizando uma experiência de reforma psiquiátrica. / This dissertation starts from the presupposition that Mental Health, Primary Care and their articulations are propositions originated specific historical contexts and social conditions, implying necessarily in a translation when their assimilation occurs in Brazil and the state of São Paulo. The investigation developed along two lines: the building of the Mental Health field and its links with health and Primary Care in general and the articulation of Mental Health and Primary Care in the state of São Paulo. The study concludes that Mental Health emerges in historical conditions which favor public policies of social inclusion, through the extension of care, In this way it integrates hygiene and therapeutic propositions, and continues to exert a normative social hygiene. The integration of preventive and medical practices, taken as part of specific levels of prevention, makes possible the articulation of Mental Health to Primary Care and public health services. In the state of São Paulo, Mental Health in Primary Care emerges in the context of political redemocratization in 1982, as part of the implementation of specific forms of financing health care (\"Ações Integradas de Saúde - AIS\"), the decentralization of the governmental programs and the importance of Primary Care as a political banner. This implementation occurs in specific conditions in the state of São Paulo, with the inclusion of multiprofessional mental health teams in public primary health care services, as an experience of psychiatric reform.

Esta dissertação parte do pressuposto que a Saúde Mental, a Atenção Primária e a articulação entre essas, são proposições originárias de outros contextos históricos e realidades sociais, havendo portanto uma retradução nos seus processos de assimilação no Brasil e no Estado de São Paulo. A partir disso, a investigação segue em dois eixos: a construção do campo da Saúde Mental e suas articulações com a Saúde de forma geral e à Atenção Primária; o seguimento da articulação da Saúde Mental à Atenção Primária no Estado de São Paulo. O estudo conclui que a Saúde Mental emerge numa condição histórica de favorecimento de políticas públicas de reinclusão social, numa possibilidade de extensão assistencial populacional. Desse modo, integra proposições higiênicas e terapêuticas, mantendo-se como higiene social normativa. A investigação conclui também que a integração das ações médicas às ações preventivas, consideradas dentro de níveis de prevenção, faz com que a Saúde Mental possa se articular à Atenção Primária e aos serviços de Saúde Pública. No Estado de São Paulo, a emergência da Saúde Mental em Atenção Primária, de forma abrangente, realiza-se no contexto de redemocratização política, em 1982, sendo resultado da convergência da implementação das Ações Integradas de Saúde, do movimento de descentralização do Estado brasileiro e da tomada da proposta de Atenção Primária como lema democrático. Esta implementação realiza-se de forma peculiar no Estado de São Paulo, com a alocação de equipes multiprofissionais de Saúde Mental nas redes de cuidados primários à saúde, caracterizando uma experiência de reforma psiquiátrica. / This dissertation starts from the presupposition that Mental Health, Primary Care and their articulations are propositions originated specific historical contexts and social conditions, implying necessarily in a translation when their assimilation occurs in Brazil and the state of São Paulo. The investigation developed along two lines: the building of the Mental Health field and its links with health and Primary Care in general and the articulation of Mental Health and Primary Care in the state of São Paulo. The study concludes that Mental Health emerges in historical conditions which favor public policies of social inclusion, through the extension of care, In this way it integrates hygiene and therapeutic propositions, and continues to exert a normative social hygiene. The integration of preventive and medical practices, taken as part of specific levels of prevention, makes possible the articulation of Mental Health to Primary Care and public health services. In the state of São Paulo, Mental Health in Primary Care emerges in the context of political redemocratization in 1982, as part of the implementation of specific forms of financing health care (\"Ações Integradas de Saúde - AIS\"), the decentralization of the governmental programs and the importance of Primary Care as a political banner. This implementation occurs in specific conditions in the state of São Paulo, with the inclusion of multiprofessional mental health teams in public primary health care services, as an experience of psychiatric reform.

There are few museums in the western half of the United States that provide an opportunity to educate the public about the history of mental health care. Recently, a mental health museum and archive of artifacts, photographs, and documents was established on the grounds of Patton State Hospital in Highland, California. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the establishment of this museum and archive and to provide an account of the 125 year history of Patton State Hospital. Understanding the history of Patton provides an opportunity to understand the history of mental health care in the United States from the late 19th century to the present. The establishment of this museum and archive became a joint initiative between Patton and California State University, San Bernardino’s History Department in January 2014. The museum and archive are meant to provide an educational venue that will increase awareness of the plight of the mentally ill, decrease stigmatization of those afflicted with mental illness, and further efforts to improve the care of patients through preservation and display of the artifacts, photographs, and documents related to Patton’s history. The goal of this paper is to assist future public historians with the design and establishment of a museum and/or archive, be it related to mental health history or to projects with other themes, and to provide information to other mental health facilities that wish to establish their own museums.