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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Skeletal morphology of the human hand as applied in forensic anthropology

Navsa, Nadia 09 October 2010 (has links)
The lack of detailed descriptions makes positive identification of individual bones of the human hand difficult. In some instances, labelled photographs and line diagrams depicting a few anatomical features are available in the literature while in other cases, unlabelled photographs and diagrams are provided. Textbooks generally describe each hand bone as having a head, shaft and base. The morphology of metacarpals is more commonly described than that of the phalanges. Thus, identification and siding of hand bones are rare, which excludes them from use in many forensic cases. Forensic anthropological studies also include the determination of demographic characteristics such as stature and sex. Parts of the human skeleton that are accurate predictors in determining stature and sex include the skull, pelvis, femur and tibia. Hand bones are often excluded from such studies due to their relatively small size and poor preservation. The aims of this study were firstly, to provide detailed morphological descriptions of metacarpals and phalangeal bones of the human hand; secondly, to develop regression formulae for stature using the hand bones and thirdly, to develop discriminant function formulae in which the hand bones can be used to determine the sex of an unknown individual. The study comprised 200 sets of hands of South African individuals. The results indicate that there are morphological features of individual bones of the human hand that can be used to identify and side them. Regression formulae have been devised whereby the length of a hand bone can be regressed to that of a long bone, which in turn can then be used to determine stature. The sexing accuracy, using the bones of the hand, is high for males and females. Average accuracies recorded were more than 80% in most cases, and more than 75% in all cases. Analyses of human hand bones can thus add valuable information when assessing skeletons of unknown individuals. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Anatomy / unrestricted
2

Novos métodos para estimativa da idade óssea baseados no processamento de imagens radiográficas da mão / New methods to bone age estimation based on hand radiographic image processing

Celso Olivete Júnior 21 December 2009 (has links)
A estimação da idade óssea (ou maturidade óssea) através da análise de radiografias da mão esquerda é um procedimento muito utilizado na área da radiologia pediátrica. Os métodos de estimativa da idade óssea utilizados atualmente apresentam alto grau de complexidade para a estimação, normalmente realizados por um radiologista, acarretando em um grande consumo de tempo e obtendo resultados com elevada carga de interpretação pessoal. O objetivo deste estudo é propor novas metodologias que operem de forma simplificada e automática, e que ofereçam informações isentas da subjetividade da análise humana para o acompanhamento do crescimento ósseo. São apresentadas novos métodos para estimar a idade óssea. Um deles baseia-se em medidas de áreas dos centros de ossificação. Outros analisam o crescimento e estimam a idade através da presença do número de ouro entre dimensões do metacarpo e falanges. Algumas estimam a idade óssea a partir de medidas de relação dimensional. Por fim, é apresentada uma metodologia que analisa o crescimento ósseo a partir das definições de relações propostas por \"Le Corbusier\". A amostra constitui-se de 631 imagens radiográficas da mão de pacientes com idade entre 6 e 16 anos. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando o teste T de Student. Para ambos os sexos foram encontradas altas correlações com os valores do laudo obtido com os três métodos clássicos. Os resultados mostram que as metodologias podem ser usadas como auxílio do diagnóstico médico. / Bone age (or skeletal maturity) assessment using a radiograph of the left hand is a common procedure in pediatric radiology. The methods most widely used for bone age determination presents high complexity degree for estimation, usually performed by radiologist and this task is extremely complex and time-consuming producing results with high charge of personal interpretation. The aim of the present study is to suggest news methods that work in an automatic and simplified mode, producing results exempt of the subjective human analyze for the bone growth accompaniment. We propose news manners of the bone age estimation. The first one is based on the area measure of interest ossification centers. Others checks the growth through the golden proportion among some ossification centers measurements of the phalanges and metacarpals bones. Some bone ages estimated from measurements of aspect ratio. Finally, we present a methodology that analyzes bone growth from the definitions of relationships proposed by \"Le Corbusier\". There were used 631 hand X-rays from children\'s among six and sixteen years old. The results were analyzed using the Student\'s t-test (5%). For both sexes, a high relationship between the average of the reports and the estimated ages with methodologies, was found. There was no significant statistical difference between the average of the reports and skeletal ages estimated by methodologies. These results showed that the methodologies can be used as an aid to medical diagnosis.
3

Novos métodos para estimativa da idade óssea baseados no processamento de imagens radiográficas da mão / New methods to bone age estimation based on hand radiographic image processing

Olivete Júnior, Celso 21 December 2009 (has links)
A estimação da idade óssea (ou maturidade óssea) através da análise de radiografias da mão esquerda é um procedimento muito utilizado na área da radiologia pediátrica. Os métodos de estimativa da idade óssea utilizados atualmente apresentam alto grau de complexidade para a estimação, normalmente realizados por um radiologista, acarretando em um grande consumo de tempo e obtendo resultados com elevada carga de interpretação pessoal. O objetivo deste estudo é propor novas metodologias que operem de forma simplificada e automática, e que ofereçam informações isentas da subjetividade da análise humana para o acompanhamento do crescimento ósseo. São apresentadas novos métodos para estimar a idade óssea. Um deles baseia-se em medidas de áreas dos centros de ossificação. Outros analisam o crescimento e estimam a idade através da presença do número de ouro entre dimensões do metacarpo e falanges. Algumas estimam a idade óssea a partir de medidas de relação dimensional. Por fim, é apresentada uma metodologia que analisa o crescimento ósseo a partir das definições de relações propostas por \"Le Corbusier\". A amostra constitui-se de 631 imagens radiográficas da mão de pacientes com idade entre 6 e 16 anos. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando o teste T de Student. Para ambos os sexos foram encontradas altas correlações com os valores do laudo obtido com os três métodos clássicos. Os resultados mostram que as metodologias podem ser usadas como auxílio do diagnóstico médico. / Bone age (or skeletal maturity) assessment using a radiograph of the left hand is a common procedure in pediatric radiology. The methods most widely used for bone age determination presents high complexity degree for estimation, usually performed by radiologist and this task is extremely complex and time-consuming producing results with high charge of personal interpretation. The aim of the present study is to suggest news methods that work in an automatic and simplified mode, producing results exempt of the subjective human analyze for the bone growth accompaniment. We propose news manners of the bone age estimation. The first one is based on the area measure of interest ossification centers. Others checks the growth through the golden proportion among some ossification centers measurements of the phalanges and metacarpals bones. Some bone ages estimated from measurements of aspect ratio. Finally, we present a methodology that analyzes bone growth from the definitions of relationships proposed by \"Le Corbusier\". There were used 631 hand X-rays from children\'s among six and sixteen years old. The results were analyzed using the Student\'s t-test (5%). For both sexes, a high relationship between the average of the reports and the estimated ages with methodologies, was found. There was no significant statistical difference between the average of the reports and skeletal ages estimated by methodologies. These results showed that the methodologies can be used as an aid to medical diagnosis.
4

Computer-based Skeletal Age Assessment Using Hand/Wrist Radiographs in Children 8-18 Years Old

Ni, Zhihong 28 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.
5

Ontogénie de l’asymétrie des métacarpes : étude de la plasticité osseuse

Tessier, Dominique 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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