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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Vliv zateplování obytných budov na koncentraci CO2 v ovzduší bytů / The impact of building isolation on CO2 concentration in flats

Čejková, Eliška January 2016 (has links)
1 ABSTRACT This diploma work investigates the influence of thermal insolation at residential buildings on the concentration of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in indoor environment. The studied area is a housing estate of panel buildings (flats) in Sezimovo Ústí city. The present work notices a positive impact of thermal insolation on energy demands of buildings and it is mainly saving consumed heat energy which is also connected with emission lowering of carbon dioxide emissions. The main problem which is soluted in the work is that total insolation is usually done without any ventilation solution. It means that it has later a negative impact on indoor environment/air quality in flats. The main part if this work presents measurements of indoor air quality - CO2 concentration, air change rate, temperature and relative humidity in an insolated (with plastic windows) and a non-insolated (with the original wooden windows) flats. The measurement lasted for three days in selected pairs of flats - with plastic and wooden windows. The measuremet took place in bedrooms because the behaviour of residents of households was very similar during their sleep. The air change rate was then caculated from CO2 concentration decay during period of 3 hours without residents. The main aim is to quantify these differences. The conclusion...
2

Métodos de geoprocessamento na avaliação da susceptibilidade do cerrado ao fogo.

Pereira Júnior, Alfredo da Costa 14 November 2002 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseACP.pdf: 5193455 bytes, checksum: 5bc13e84b2705d44928f3d7b974a269a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-11-14 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / At the present, the Cerrado (a type of the Brazilian savannas) is burned on about 20 to 30% of its area during the dry season mainly owing to anthropic causes. Three simultaneous factors are needed for the burnings to happen: favourable meteorological conditions; availability of vegetation fuel; existence of an ignition source. This work studied the susceptibility of the Cerrado vegetation to fire with respect to parameters linked to the three factors: rainfall, relative air humidity and air temperature with respect to the meteorological conditions; vegetation coverage classes with respect to the biomass fuel; proximity to the roads and fire spots from previous days with respect to the ignition source. Location data for the fire spots obtained from the AVHRR/NOAA-12 channel 3 (3,7 mm) images were used as field truth. The study period was between May and October 1998. The study area was divided into 50 km x 50 km cells. The meteorological conditions occurring in 95% of the cells presents fire spots were: rainfall lower than 2 mm; 5-day cumulative precipitation lower than 25 mm; relative air humidity lower than 60%; air temperature higher than 28oC; more than one rainless day before the burning. More than 80% of the Cerrado were susceptible to the fire occurrence, with both locations with and without fire spots presented the minimum meteorological conditions favourable to the vegetation burning described in the literature: rainfall lower than 5 mm; 5-day cumulative precipitation lower than 20 mm; relative air humidity lower than 60%; air temperature higher than 25oC; A method for classifying the Cerrado vegetation coverage to fire susceptibility was also developed. This method was based on 2-weekly mosaics of the AVHRR/NOAA-14 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and of the channel 3 images. Seven classes of vegetation coverage were discriminated and associated to four degrees of susceptibility: very low, low, medium and high. It was verified that 72% of the burning occurred in the high and medium susceptibility classes, which indicated satisfactory results on the preliminary development of this method. Lastly, the distance between the fire spots and two indicators of anthropic activity was analysed. The indicators were: roads and fire spots previously occurred. About a quarter of the fire spots occurred at up to 10 km from the roads in a area of 582,000 km2 surrounding the roads, which is about 27% of the Cerrado´s total area. On the same way, a quarter of the spots occurred at up to 10 km from the fire spots of the previous day, in an average area of 33,000 km2 at the burning spots surroundings. This area is about 2% of the total area of the Cerrado. In conclusion, the indicators of anthropic activity analysed here area good tools for studying the vegetation susceptibility to fire. / Anualmente, o Cerrado é queimado em 20 a 30% de sua área durante a estação seca, principalmente devido a causas antrópicas. Três fatores simultâneos são necessários para que as queimadas ocorram: condições meteorológicas propícias; disponibilidade de combustível vegetal; existência de fonte de ignição. Este trabalho estudou a susceptibilidade da vegetação do Cerrado ao fogo em relação a parâmetros desses três fatores: precipitação, umidade relativa e temperatura do ar, em relação às condições meteorológicas; classes de cobertura vegetal, em relação ao combustível vegetal; proximidade de malha viária e de focos de queimadas dos dias anteriores, em relação à fonte de ignição. Como verdade de campo foram utilizados os dados de localização dos focos de queimadas obtidos de imagens do canal 3 (3,7 mm) do Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - 12 (AVHRR/NOAA-12). O período de estudo foi de maio a outubro/1998. A área de estudo foi dividida em células de 50 km por 50 km. As condições meteorológicas em 95% das células com queimadas foram: precipitação inferior a 2 mm; precipitação acumulada de 5 dias inferior a 25 mm; umidade relativa do ar inferior a 60%; temperatura do ar superior a 28oC; mais de um dia sem chuva antecedendo a queimada. Mais de 80% do Cerrado estavam susceptível a ocorrência de fogo, com os locais com e sem focos de queimadas apresentando as condições meteorológicas mínimas propícias à combustão da vegetação relatadas na literatura: precipitação inferior a 5 mm; precipitação acumulada de 5 dias inferior a 20 mm; umidade relativa do ar inferior a 60%; temperatura do ar superior a 25oC. Um método para classificar a cobertura vegetal do Cerrado quanto à susceptibilidade ao fogo também foi desenvolvido, baseado em mosaicos quinzenais do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (IVDN) e do canal 3 gerados com base em imagens AVHRR/NOAA-14. Sete classes de cobertura vegetal foram discriminadas, as quais foram associadas a quatro graus de susceptibilidade: muito baixo, baixo, médio e alto. Foi verificado que 72% dos focos de queimadas ocorreram nas classes de susceptibilidade alta e média, indicando resultados satisfatórios no desenvolvimento preliminar desse método. Por último, foi analisada a distância entre focos de queimadas e dois indicadores de atividade antrópica: malha viária e focos de queimadas recentemente ocorridos. Cerca de um quarto dos focos de queimadas ocorreram até 10 km da malha viária, em uma área ao longo das vias de 582 mil km2, cerca de 27% da área total do Cerrado. Do mesmo modo, um quarto dos focos ocorreu até 10 km dos focos de queimadas ocorridos no dia anterior, em uma área média no entorno dos focos de 33 mil km2, cerca de 2% do Cerrado. Portanto, a proximidade de indicadores de atividade antrópicas pode ser um bom instrumento para avaliação da susceptibilidade da vegetação ao fogo.

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