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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

PA5471 modulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa mexXY multidrug efflux pump operon repressor MexZ: Identification of important interaction residues and domains

Hay, Thomas 26 February 2013 (has links)
Chemotherapeutic treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is substantially challenged by several membrane-spanning, multidrug-efflux pumps of the three-component RND family. Of these pumps, MexXY-OprM contributes to the intrinsic resistance of this organism by exporting clinically relevant antibiotics, most notably the ribosome-targeting aminoglycosides. Overproduction of MexXY-OprM is the most common mechanism providing pan-aminoglycoside resistance to P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis clinical isolates. The mexXY genes are located in an operon, the expression of which is induced by ribosome-targeting antimicrobials. The mexXY operon is negatively regulated by MexZ, a repressor protein encoded by the divergently-transcribed gene mexZ. A second gene, PA5471, is also induced by ribosome-targeting antibiotics and is required for antibiotic induction of mexXY expression. One possibility is that PA5471 interacts with MexZ to alleviate repression of mexXY, thereby providing a mechanism for PA5471-dependent drug inducibility of mexXY. PA5471 interaction with MexZ was confirmed using a bacterial two-hybrid assay. To identify residues/regions of PA5471 important for interaction with MexZ, random chemical mutagenesis of the mexZ and PA5471 genes was carried out and the effects of these mutations on interaction of their protein products was assessed using the bacterial two-hybrid assay. Mutations of PA5471 that compromised interaction with MexZ included P68S, G76C, R216C, R221W, R221Q, G231D, and G252S, which occur within or in close proximity to a predicted surface-exposed α-helix of a PA5471 structural model that may contribute to the MexZ-interaction domain. Representative mutations P68S, G76C, R216C and R221W were placed into the chromosome of P. aeruginosa to assess their impact on drug-inducible mexXY expression. All of these mutations significantly reduced mexX upregulation in the presence of spectinomycin, where mutations R216C and R221W resulted in the near complete ablation of this antibiotic induction. These data suggest that PA5471 acts as a direct antirepressor of MexZ and that this interaction is key to mexXY upregulation in response to ribosome-targeting induction signals. / Thesis (Master, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2013-02-26 13:32:39.307
2

Fonction et dysfonction des systèmes d'efflux actif chez les souches cliniques de pseudomonas aeruginosa / Function and dysfunction of active efflux systems in clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa

Guénard, Sophie 08 October 2013 (has links)
Chez P. aeruginosa, la surproduction constitutive du système MexXY/OprM s'accompagne d'une augmentation de larésistance aux aminosides, fluoroquinolones et à certaines (3-lactamines. La caractérisation des mécanismes génétiquesconduisant à la surproduction de cette pompe parmi une collection de 57 isolats cliniques non redondants a permisd'identifier 3 types de mutations affectant, soit le gène mexZ dont le produit réprime l'opéron mexXY (mutants agrZ,77,2%), soit les gènes parRS codant pour un système à deux composants (mutants agrWl, 8,8%) ou d'autres cibles dontl'inactivation perturbe la synthèse protéique et entraîne la surexpression du gène PA5471 dont le produit, ArmZ, est unanti-répresseur de MexZ (mutants agrWl,\4%). Si certaines populations de P. aeruginosa tendent à devenir plusrésistantes aux aminosides en surproduisant le système MexXY/OprM, d'autres évoluent paradoxalement vers unehypersensibilité aux p-lactamines sous l'effet de mutations inactivant MexAB-OprM (MexAB-). L'analyse d'unecollection de 275 souches isolées de 36 patients CF nous a permis d'identifier des souches MexAB- hypersensibles à laticarcilline (37%) et des souches MexAB- non hypersensibles en raison d'une surproduction de la B-lactamase AmpC(16%). Au total, 53% des isolats sont apparus déficients dans le système MexAB-OprM. L'étude de l'activité ou de laproduction de divers facteurs de virulence a indiqué que la perte de fonction de MexAB-OprM n'était pas associée àcelle de caractères de virulence. Au final, notre travail apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la capacité de P. aeruginosa àmoduler l'activité de ses pompes d'efflux pour s'adapter à diverses situations cliniques. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen naturally resistant to many antibiotics thanks to numerous resistantmechanisms. Among them, overproduction of the MexXY/OprM efflux System leads to decrease significantly thesusceptibility of P. aeruginosa to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and some p-lactams. Characterization of geneticmechanisms leading to overproduction of this pump from a collection of 57 non-redundant clinical isolates enable toidentified three types of mutations affecting either the gene mexZ whose product represses mexXY operon (agrZmutants, «=77. 2%), or genes parRS encoding a two component System (agrW2 mutants, w=8.8%) or other targetswhose inactivation disturbs protein synthesis and results in overexpression of the gene PA547I, whose product ArmZ isan anti-repressor of MexZ protein (agrWl mutants, n= 14%). If some populations of A aeruginosa are becoming moreresistant to aminoglycosides by overproducing MexXY/OprM system, others develop an hypersensitivity to P-lactamsas a resuit of mutations inactivating MexAB-OprM efflux system (MexAB-). The analysis of 275 strains isolated from36 CF patients allowed us to identify MexAB- strains hypersensitive to ticarcillin (37%) and non-MexABhypersensitive strains due to an overproduction of the p-lactamase AmpC (16%). In fine, 53% of the isolates appeareddeficient in MexAB-OprM. The study of various virulence factors indicated that the loss of function of MexAB-OprMin P. aeruginosa was not associated with virulence of the strains. To conclude, our work highlight on the ability ofP. aeruginosa to modulate the activity of its efflux pumps in order to adapt to various clinical environments
3

Identification of novel regulatory pathways involved in non-enzymatic resistance to aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Identifications de nouvelles voies de régulation impliquées dans la résistance non enzymatique aux aminosides chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bolard, Arnaud 05 July 2019 (has links)
Les antibiotiques sont des molécules incontournables dans le traitement des infections bactériennes. L’émergence et la dissémination de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez la pathogène opportuniste Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ont amené l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé à déclarer indispensable le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques pour lutter contre cette bactérie. Bien que certaines alternatives aient été envisagées, la préservation de l’activité d’antibiotiques majeurs tels que les aminosides et la colistine est primordiale. La caractérisation des mécanismes de résistance à ces médicaments est nécessaire pour la mise au point de nouvelles molécules et mieux prendre en charge les patients. Dans ce contexte, nous montrons que des mutations dans le gène fusA1 (codant le facteur d’élongation EF-G1A) et dans l’opéron pmrAB (système à deux composants PmrAB) entrainent une augmentation de la résistance aux aminosides chez des mutants isolés au laboratoire et des souches issues de patients, atteints ou non, de mucoviscidose. Certaines substitutions d’acide aminé dans EF-G1A accroissent les niveaux de résistance de 2 à 16 fois aux quatre sous-classes d’aminosides. Par ailleurs, des changements d’acide aminé dans le système à deux composants PmrAB activent l’expression des gènes PA4773-PA4774-PA4775, et la production de norspermidine et de spermidine. La synthèse de ces polyamines va de pair avec une baisse de 4 à 16 fois de la sensibilité aux aminosides à noyan 2-désoxystreptamine bisubstitué en 4,6 (gentamicine, amikacine et tobramycine). De plus, il apparaît que la résistance des mutants pmrB à la colistine est en partie dépendante de la pompe d’efflux MexXY(OprM), un système impliqué dans la résistance naturelle, adaptative ou acquise aux aminosides. Enfin, nous montrons que les mutants pmrB surproduisent des alcaloïdes contenant un motif azétidine, par une voie de synthèse non-ribosomale et dépendante du quorum sensing. Ces alcaloïdes diminuent la virulence de P. aeruginosa dans le modèle Galleria mellonella. / Antibiotics are invaluable drugs to combat bacterial infections. Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have led the World Health Organization to consider as a crucial priority the development of new therapeutic approaches to fight this bacterium. In addition to other alternatives, preservation of activity of major antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and colistin is primordial. Consequently, characterization of the resistance mechanisms to these drugs is a prerequisite to design novel molecules, and improve patient care. In this context, we show that mutations in gene fusA1 (encoding elongation factor EF-G1A) and in operon pmrAB (two-component system PmrAB) lead to an increased resistance to aminoglycosides in in vitro-selected mutants and strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients. Certain amino acid substitutions in EF-G1A confer a 2- to 16-fold increased resistance to the four aminoglycoside subclasses. On the other hand, amino acid variations in two-component system PmrAB activate the expression of genes PA4773-PA4774-PA4775, and production of norspermidine and spermidine. This upregulated polyamine biosynthesis is associated with a 4- to 16-fold decreased susceptibility to 4,6-di-substituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin). Moreover, our work reveals that the acquired resistance of pmrB mutants to colistin partially depends upon pump MexXY(OprM), a system that otherwise mediates intrinsic, adaptive and acquired resistance to aminoglycosides. Finally, we show that pmrB mutants overproduce azetidine-containing alkaloids by a quorum-sensing-regulated, nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway. These alkaloids impair the virulence of P. aeruginosa in a Galleria mellonella infection model.

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