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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AvaliaÃÃo do impacto do uso de agrotÃxicos nos trabalhadores rurais dos MunicÃpios de Ribeiro GonÃalves, Baixa Grande do Ribeiro e UruÃuà â Piauà / Evaluation of the Impact of the use of Pesticides on Agricultural Laborersâ Health in the Cities of UruÃuÃ, Ribeiro GonÃalves and Baixa Grande do Ribeiro

Tatiana Vieira Souza Chaves 27 November 2007 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os agrotÃxicos estÃo entre os mais importantes fatores de risco para a saÃde dos trabalhadores. No PiauÃ, a expansÃo agrÃcola implementada nos cerrados, por intermÃdio da intensificaÃÃo do plantio de soja, a partir da dÃcada de 1990, consistiu em um forte fator para o aumento do uso de agrotÃxicos. A utilizaÃÃo indiscriminada dos agrotÃxicos, geralmente, està associada a intoxicaÃÃes agudas e crÃnicas. A dosagem de colinesterase plasmÃtica e eritrocitÃria sÃo parÃmetros relevantes para diagnÃstico de casos cuja exposiÃÃo se deu, principalmente, de forma aguda. A genotoxicidade associada ao uso destes produtos vem sendo estudada, sendo fortes as evidÃncias que estes produtos sÃo carcinogÃnicos. No estado do PiauÃ, em setembro de 2005, no municÃpio de Ribeiro GonÃalves, ocorreram mortes cuja suspeita principal era de intoxicaÃÃo por uso dos pesticidas agrÃcolas. Este fato desencadeou uma investigaÃÃo nos municÃpios produtores de soja (UruÃuÃ, Ribeiro GonÃalves e Baixa Grande do Ribeiro). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do uso de agrotÃxicos sobre a saÃde dos trabalhadores rurais dos municÃpios de UruÃuÃ, Ribeiro GonÃalves e Baixa Grande do Ribeiro. Dividiu-se, metodologicamente, o estudo em trÃs etapas. Na primeira, aplicou-se questionÃrio sÃcio epidemiolÃgico de acordo com OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde (OMS) e coletaram-se amostras de material biolÃgico para anÃlises bioquÃmicas, hematolÃgicas e enzimÃticas (acetil colinesterase plasmÃtica e eritrocitÃria) de 120 trabalhadores agrÃcolas da regiÃo sul do PiauÃ. Na segunda etapa, estudou-se 75 indivÃduos. Estes se submeteram a uma segunda avaliaÃÃo, tendo como ferramenta os mesmos exames anteriormente realizados. Como terceira etapa, realizou-se o teste de micronÃcleo em 31 indivÃduos que encontravam-se com os parÃmetros alterados. Fez-se coleta de cÃlulas da mucosa oral, para avaliaÃÃo do nÃvel de lesÃo de DNA atravÃs de contagem de micronÃcleos. Quanto ao questionÃrio sÃcio epidemiolÃgico os resultados encontrados indicaram que 100% da populaÃÃo estudada pertencia ao sexo masculino, com idade mÃdia de 35 anos. Ainda sobre o questionÃrio, 66% eram casados, 76,67% trabalhavam em fazendas (lavradores, operadores de mÃquinas e tÃcnicos agrÃcolas), 16,67% eram agentes de endemias ou servidores pÃblico, sendo que 21,3% tomavam medicamento sem prescriÃÃo mÃdica e que 71,67% nÃo realizaram exames mÃdicos nos Ãltimos 06 meses. A investigaÃÃo evidenciou ainda que, quanto ao estilo de vida e trabalho, 33,33% dos trabalhadores possuem o hÃbito de fumar, 55,83% de consumir bebidas alcoÃlicas, 29,9% entraram em contato direto com o agrotÃxico durante o preparo do produto, 38% atravÃs da aplicaÃÃo do produto por pulverizaÃÃo, 10% atravÃs da limpeza e manutenÃÃo dos equipamentos, 17,5% nÃo utilizavam nenhuma proteÃÃo, sendo que a grande maioria utilizavam apenas 01 tipo de EPI. Outro achado relatado refere-se que os trabalhadores utilizaram mais de 34 diferentes formulaÃÃes, sendo as classes mais utilizadas os inseticidas (45,18%), herbicidas (27,68%) e fungicidas (6,21%). Quanto ao tempo de exposiÃÃo dos trabalhadores aos pesticidas, 50,84% estavam expostos a menos de 2 anos e 10% estavam expostos a mais de 10 anos. Dentre os sintomas mais relatados, os efeitos no SNC destacaram-se com 230 queixas relatadas durante a aplicaÃÃo do questionÃrio sÃcio-epidemiolÃgico. Sobre o destino final das embalagens, 84,21% dos mesmos eram queimados, enterrados e deixados a cÃu aberto, sendo 15,79% entregues na central de recebimento. Em relaÃÃo Ãs anÃlises bioquÃmicas e hematolÃgicas dos indivÃduos submetidos à primeira coleta, os resultados indicaram que 11,67%; 4,17%; 10,83%; 0,83% ; 5,83%; 5% e 9,17% encontravam-se com nÃveis respectivamente alterados de Gama GT, Fosfatase Alcalina e TGO/ TGP, UrÃia, Creatinina componentes protÃicos, acetilcolinesterase plasmÃtica e eritrocitÃria . Na segunda etapa, os achados indicaram que os indivÃduos estavam com os nÃveis alterados de: gama GT ( 4,00%); fosfatase alcalina e TGO/TGP ( 4,00%); urÃia (4,00%); creatinina (5,33%); proteÃnas totais (17,33%); acetilcolinesterase plasmÃtica (4,00%) e acetilcolinesterase eritrocitÃria (2,67%). Com relaÃÃo à terceira etapa, dos 31 indivÃduos que realizaram teste de micronÃcleo 84,00% encontravam-se com danos citogenÃticos. Os danos citogenÃticos evidenciados nÃo apresentaram correlaÃÃes com idade, fumo, bebidas, equipamentos de proteÃÃo, medicamentos e doenÃas, confirmando a correlaÃÃo dos danos citogenÃticos evidenciados, com a exposiÃÃo aos agrotÃxicos (P<0,05) / The pesticides are some of the main risky factors for agricultural laborersâ health. In the state of PiauÃ, the agricultural expansion which was implemented in the cerrados through the growth of the soy crops in the 90âs was a relevant factor that increased the use of pesticides. The unbalanced usage of pesticides is often related to acute and chronic poisonings. The dosage of plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte cholinesterase are relevant parameters to diagnose mainly cases in which an acute contact has occurred. The genotoxicity related to the use of these kinds of products has been studied and there are strong evidences that they are carcinogenic. Deaths which the main suspicion was poisoning by the misuse of agricultural pesticides happened in September of 2007 in the city of Ribeiro GonÃalves, state of PiauÃ. The fact unchained an investigation in the cities that produce soy (UruÃuÃ, Ribeiro GonÃalves and Baixa Grande do Ribeiro). The purpose of this study was evaluating the impact of the use of pesticides on agricultural laborerâs health in the cities of UruÃuÃ, Ribeiro GonÃalves and Baixa Grande do Ribeiro. The study was divided in three steps. Firstly, a social epidemiologic questionnaire Word Health Organization (WHO) was applied and samples and collected material to biochemical, hematological and enzymatic plasma acetylcholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase analysis of 120 agricultural laborers from the region. The second step was a study of these workers. These ones submitted salf of Piauà to a second evaluation which used, as a tool, the tests which had been previously discribed. In the third step 31 individuals with irregular parameters were submitted to a micronucleus test. Cells from the oral mucosa were collected to evaluate the level of DNA injury through micronucleus counting. The results of the social epidemiologic questionnaire pointed that 100% of the subjects who had benn studied were males with an average age of 35 years old. 66% were married, 76.67% worked in farms (farmers, machinists and agricultural technicians), 16.67% worked as endemic diseases agents or civil servants. 21.3% of them used non-prescribed medication and 71.67% had not did medical tests for the last 6 months. About life and work style the investigation showed that 33.33% of the workers is smokers, 55.83% drink alcohol, 29.9% has direct contact with the pesticide while it was being prepared to be use, 38% during the pulverization process, 10% during the equipment cleaning and maintenance, 17.5% did not take any safety protection measure, while the most used only a single kind of EPI. Another related discovery about the workers showed that they used more than 34 different formulations. Insecticides (45.18%), herbicides (27.68%) and fungicides (6.21%) were the most used products. Concerning the time of exposure the workers had to the pesticides, 50.84% were exposed to them for less than 2 years and 10% for more than 10 years. The effects on the SNC detached themselves among the most related symptoms with a 230 complaints reported during the application of the social epidemiologic questionnaire. Concerning the final destination of the containers, 84.21% were burned, buried and left outdoors while 15.79% were brought to the appropriate organ headquarter. The results from the biochemical and hematological analysis indicated that 11.67%; 4.17%; 10.83%; 0.83%; 5.83%; 5% e 9.17% of the individuals who were submitted to the first sample collection had, respectively, irregular levels of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT); Alkaline Fosfatase and Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase/ Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase; Urea; Creatinine; Proteic components; Plasma acetylcholinesterase and Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. The findings in the second step indicated that the individuals had irregular levels of: Gamma GT (4.00%); Alkaline Fosfatase and GOT/GPT (4.00%); Urea (4.00%); Creatinine (5.33%); Total Protein (17.33%); Plasma acetylcholinesterase (4.00%) and Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (2.67%). In the third step, 84.00% of the 31 subjects who had a micronucleus test presented cytogenetic injuries. The cytogenetic injuries which could be observed were not related to age, smoke, alcohol consumption; safety equipment, medications and diseases which confirms the co-relation between the presented cytogenetic injuries and the exposure to pesticides ( P<0.05)

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