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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mesure des défauts de forme de microballons par imagerie X : exploitation du phénomène de constraste de phase / Microshells form defects measurements by radiography using the phase contrast phenomenon

Dutto, Vincent 16 November 2018 (has links)
Depuis l'arrêt définitif des essais nucléaires, la Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM) du CEA s'appuiesur le triptyque modélisation physique - validation expérimentale - simulation numérique pour comprendre,prévoir et garantir le fonctionnement des armes nucléaires. Parmi les grands équipements contribuant à lavalidation des modèles physiques implémentés dans les logiciels de calcul, le Laser MegaJoule permetd'étudier expérimentalement des phénomènes de même nature que ceux intervenant dans les armes. La familled'objets expérimentés sur cette installation est dénommée « microcibles laser». Les microballons intégrés dansces microcibles sont caractérisés par des techniques de radiographie X. Les brusques variations de niveau degris observées sur les clichés X de microballons témoignent de la 'présence d'un phénomène de contraste dephase, contraste s'ajoutant au contraste d'absorption. L'information contenue dans ce phénomène est utiliséepour une détection de contours du microballon radiographié. Les points trouvés lors de la détection de contourssont alors utilisés par un algorithme d'estimation des défauts de formes des surfaces des microballons. Uneétude paramétrique permet d'identifier le nombre de clichés nécessaire à l'estimation des défauts de forme enfonction du nombre de modes souhaités. L'incertitude de la méthode d'estimation est calculée permettant lacaractérisation complète du microballon. / Since 1996, the CEA's Military Applications Division (DAM) guaranties the reliability and safety of Frenchnuclear warheads without conducting any further nuclear test. It relies particularly on major facilities forvalidating the equations used to model the functioning of nuclear weapons. Among them, the Megajoule Laser(LMJ) allows studying experimentally, as "laboratory" measurements, representative phenomena gatheringtime·scale and space distribution of extreme temperature and pressure conditions. These experiments are ledwith millimetric objects named microshells. Before experimenting them, these microshells are characterizedusing X·rays technics. On the radiographies, one can observe straight gray level variations which are generatedby the phase contrast phenomenon added to x·rays absorption contrast. Information included in this formercontrast is used to sharply determine microshell's edges. The delimiting points of these edges are thenintegrated as input data to compute microshell's surface form defects. A study is also led to determine theoptimized number of radiographies needed for estimating the search defect modes. Measurement uncertainty isfinally evaluated, thus giving a complete microshell's characterization.
2

Shape preserving conversion reaction of siliceous structures using metal halides: properties, kinetics, and potential applications

Shian, Samuel 07 November 2008 (has links)
BaSIC, which stands for Bioclastic and Shape-preserving Inorganic Conversion, is shape-preserving chemical conversion process of biological (or man-made) silica structures for producing complex 3-D microscale structures. This dissertation reports the BaSIC reaction of halide gases (i.e., TiF4, ZrF4, and ZrCl4) with 3-D silica structures, (i.e., diatom frustules, silicified direct-write assembly scaffolds, and Stöber silica spheres) to produce titania and zirconia replicas of the original 3-D structures. The kinetics of reaction of silica with titanium tetrafluoride gas is analyzed by using a novel HTXRD reaction chamber, nitrogen adsorption, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystal structure and the temperature-induced phase transformation (from the room temperature hexagonal R-3c structure to the higher temperature cubic Pm3m structure) of polycrystalline TiOF2 that was synthesized through metathetic reaction of silica with TiF4(g) is reported. Additionally, potential applications of the converted titania diatom frustules (i.e., as a fast micron-sized ethanol sensor, and as a pesticide hydrolyzing agent) are also demonstrated in this work.

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