Abtract Three different microstrip transmission-line layouts between the pads and an optical modulator waveguide have been designed and compared for their circuit response. In the first design, two 50£[ input and output microstrip transmission lines are connected to the center of the 24.58£[ semiconductor waveguide. In the second design, two 78£[ input and output microstrip transmission lines are connected to the center of waveguide. The third design represents a traveling-wave EA modulator. After optimizing the lengths of the transmission lines through our circuit simulation, we find that the traveling-wave optical modulator (the third layout) have the best circuit response of bandwidth ~22.4GHz and voltage reflection coefficient ~40%. The traveling-wave optical modulator not only overcomes the RC constant limit but also makes use of long waveguide to satisfied the high-speed requirement. At the same time, this circuit increases the extinction ratio and optical saturation power. In the fabrication process, we use polyimide to planarize both sides of the ridge waveguide and evaporate the top electrode on the polyimide. In addition, we use a special wet etching to form sloped edges for rasing ground pads up to the same level of the signal pad. This will allow us to use coplanar microwave probes to measure the devices.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of changes in the physical parameters of tapered slot antennas (TSA) on their radiation characteristics and also to explore the possibility of reconfiguration in the radiation pattern of TSA by switching between two different types of tapering. There are mainly three physical parameters that affect the radiation pattern of TSAs. These are antenna length, aperture width and the ground extension. After designing a wideband microstrip line to slot line transition, the effect of antenna parameter variations on the beamwidth and sidelobe level of the antenna are investigated through the use of a commercially available electromagnetic simulation software HFSS by ANSOFT. The radiation characteristics of constant width slot antennas (CWSA) and linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSA) are compared. It is observed that CWSAs exhibit narrower beamwidth and higher sidelobe level whereas linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSA) have wider beamwidth with lower sidelobe level compared to each other. A novel switching architecture between CWSA and LTSA is proposed to obtain a reconfigurable antenna.

Thesis focuses on the design and development of three possible methods to power the serial patch array and optimization of the chosen design. The antenna array is conceived as a multi-layered structure formed on a 3D textile substrate. The objective of this work is to identify the best possible configuration of antenna array for the use in automotive and aerospace industry. The first concept – array coupled by near microstrip line – proved in the case of the more serial elements as non-functional. The second concept – aperture coupled array – is unsuitable for use in close proximity to the electrically conductive shell of the aircraft. The third concept – array coupled with textile integrated waveguide – seems like the best possible solution. The design of the array coupled with textile integrated waveguide was optimized in consideration of the production process. The impedance bandwidth of this proposed three elements antenna is 890 MHz, the gain in the main lobe direction is 11.8 dBi.

My thesis deals with project of LVDS busbar with high resistivity with regard to disturbance from surroundings and radiation undesirable electromagnetic waves into its environment. Project of LVDS busbar was elaborated by numeric methods and it was suggested optimal solution of the shape and material of multiply technology DPS. The project was realized on desired driving-point impenance of busbar Z=100 ohm with frequency f1=100 MHz of the first harmonic component rectangular signal of defind modality, entering and diagonal edge.

Well-known dielectric image guide reach in millimeter-wave interesting results. Compared to a conventional types of lines and waveguides is characterised by low-through loss for frequencies approaching 100 GHz. This work is detail focused to basic characteristics and especially type of perforate highpermitivity substrate for obtain implemented waveguide to dielectric board (SIIG). The work also contains couple suggestions for various transitions from a commonly used lines and waveguides. Simulation results using finite element method is achieved attenuation values below 2 dB, which corresponds to a 2 cm length and include a waveguide itself with a pair of transitions. Finally, this work also designed the production method and SIIG applicatoin in practicle.

In this study, a novel and systematic methodology for the design and optimization of lowpass filters (LPFs), and multiorder-bandpass filters (BPFs) are proposed. The width of the LPF signal traces consistently follow Fourier truncated series, and the thickness of the substrate as well. By studying different lengths and other physical constraints, the design meets predefined electrical requirements. Moreover, superformula is used in split ring resonators (SRRs) designs to obtain a BPF response and significant structural compactness. Non-uniform transmission lines, as well as superformula equations, are programmed in MATLAB, which is also used for analytical validations. Traces are drawn in AutoCAD. The substrate of LPF is constructed in Pro/e. Finally, the optimized layouts are imported to Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software for simulation and verification. Nonuniform LPFs are optimized over a range of 0-6 GHz with cutoff frequency 3.5 GHz. Superformula implemented multiorder-BPFs are optimized with cutoff frequency of 1.1 GHz.

В настоящее время область применения радиоэлектронных средств расширяется, комплексы радиосистем становятся все более сложными, это полностью относится и к радиотехнике СВЧ диапазона. В связи с расширением физических возможностей радиоэлектронной аппаратуры во многих случаях необходимо не только излучать и принимать СВЧ сигнал, но также производить его обработку и преобразование, поэтому усложняются СВЧ схемы и в прежнем исполнении становятся громоздкими, поэтому возникает необходимость создания миниатюрных схем, работающих в СВЧ диапазоне. / Currently, the scope of radio electronic means expands, complexes of radio systems become more complex, it relates to radio engineering microwave range. In connection with the physical capabilities of electronic equipment in many cases, it is necessary not only to emit and receive microwave signals, but also to make its processing and conversion, so more complex microwave circuits in the previous execution is cumbersome, therefore there is the need to create miniature circuits operating in the microwave range.

Nous proposons dans cette thèse de nouvelles structures à faibles pertes en vue de leur utilisation dans les bandes millimétriques. L'hypothèse forte sur laquelle es t construite notre étude est que la présence du silicium permet d'envisager une intégration plus facile des circuits. Pour ce faire nous avons étudié les caractéristiques électriques des lignes inversées silicium-verre à 60 GHz ainsi que la ligne de Goubau sur silicium aux mêmes fréquences. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'étude des pertes des lignes. Les simulations présentées jusqu'à 60 GHz ont montré que les qualités de la technologie verre-silicium sont bonnes en termes de paramètres hyperfréquences. Nous proposons donc d'utiliser plutôt le verre pour la partie passive et le silicium pour la partie active. Nous montrons ainsi que cette technologie admet la réalisation des fonctions diverses et qu'elle est susceptible de permettre l'obtention de systèmes intégrés / We propose in this thesis several new structures with low loss for use in millimeter bands. The strong supposition with which is built our study is : the presence of silicon can be considered easier integration of circuits. That the reason why we have been studied the electrical characteristics of glass-silicon lines inverted at 60 GHz and the Goubau line on silicon with the same frequencies. We focus our attention on these studies of losses in lines. The simulations up to 60 GHz showed the qualities of the glass-silicon technology are good in terms of microwave parameters. So we propose to use glass for the passive and silicon for the active part. And we show that this technology allows the realization of various functions and is likely to allow the acquisition of integrated systems

Esse trabalho de pesquisa apresenta um estudo detalhado sobre guias de ondas integrados ao substrato (SIW) operando em frequências de micro-ondas com base na teoria de guias de ondas retangulares (RWG). O estudo sobre guias SIW associa equações apresentadas na literatura e utiliza simulações eletromagnéticas para desenvolver um procedimento de projeto bem definido. É considerada a integração entre guias SIW e linhas de transmissão de microfita, projetando-se transições entre essas duas estruturas com o propósito de prover casamento de impedância e de viabilizar a caracterização em frequências de micro-ondas. São apresentadas considerações sobre processos de fabricação de circuitos SIW em substratos constituídos por laminados de alta frequência. Uma vez estabelecidos os procedimentos de fabricação e os critérios de projeto, a tecnologia SIW é aplicada ao projeto de três guias de ondas SIW nas bandas S e X, que foram fabricados empregando laminados de alta-frequência. Foram projetados dois filtros SIW passa-faixa empregando cavidades ressonantes e postes metálicos indutivos. Os dois filtros operam na frequência central de 10,61 GHz, sendo que um deles tem banda de passagem de 7,5%e é de 3ª ordem e o outro filtro tem banda de passagem de 15%, sendo de 5ª ordem. Foram realizadas comparações entre o desempenho simulado e experimental das estruturas SIW projetadas. Os resultados de simulações eletromagnéticas e experimentais demonstraram boa concordância. Os projetos em tecnologia SIW apresentados neste trabalho de pesquisa possuem perdas de retorno melhores que 10 dB na banda de operação e perdas por inserção de 1,0 dB a 1,5 dB. É apresentada a análise da sensibilidade do desempenho dos guias de ondas e filtros SIW projetados a desvios dimensionais típicos do processo de fabricação por microfresagem mecânica. Com os resultados experimentais e de simulação foi possível validar os procedimentos de projeto e de fabricação de circuitos SIW operando em frequências de micro-ondas. / This research work presents a detailed study about substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) operating in microwave frequencies based on rectangular waveguides (RWG) theory. The study about SIW associates equations presented at the literature and uses electromagnetic simulations to develop a well-defined design procedure. Is considered the integration between substrate integrated waveguides and microstrip line, designing transitions between these two structures with the aim to provide impedance matching and make possible the characterization in microwave frequencies. Considerations are made about the manufacturing process of the SIW circuits on planar dielectric substrate. Once established a manufacturing process and a design procedure, the SIW technology is applied in three waveguides to operate in S and X bands. Was designed two band-pass filters with central frequency of 10,61 GHz, where one of them has band-pass of 7,5% and it is third order filter and the another one has band-pass of 15,0% and it is five order filter. Was made comparison between simulated results and experimental results for the all designed structures. The simulated results and the experimental results shown good agreement. The projects in SIW technology shown in this research work has return loss better than 10dB in the operation band and insertion loss between 1,0 dB and 1,5dB. Is shown a sensibility analysis of the waveguides and filters performance in SIW technology to evaluate the layout differences caused by manufacturing process. With the experimental results and simulation results was possible validate the design procedures and the manufacturing process of the SIW circuits operating in microwave frequencies.

Esse trabalho de pesquisa apresenta um estudo detalhado sobre guias de ondas integrados ao substrato (SIW) operando em frequências de micro-ondas com base na teoria de guias de ondas retangulares (RWG). O estudo sobre guias SIW associa equações apresentadas na literatura e utiliza simulações eletromagnéticas para desenvolver um procedimento de projeto bem definido. É considerada a integração entre guias SIW e linhas de transmissão de microfita, projetando-se transições entre essas duas estruturas com o propósito de prover casamento de impedância e de viabilizar a caracterização em frequências de micro-ondas. São apresentadas considerações sobre processos de fabricação de circuitos SIW em substratos constituídos por laminados de alta frequência. Uma vez estabelecidos os procedimentos de fabricação e os critérios de projeto, a tecnologia SIW é aplicada ao projeto de três guias de ondas SIW nas bandas S e X, que foram fabricados empregando laminados de alta-frequência. Foram projetados dois filtros SIW passa-faixa empregando cavidades ressonantes e postes metálicos indutivos. Os dois filtros operam na frequência central de 10,61 GHz, sendo que um deles tem banda de passagem de 7,5%e é de 3ª ordem e o outro filtro tem banda de passagem de 15%, sendo de 5ª ordem. Foram realizadas comparações entre o desempenho simulado e experimental das estruturas SIW projetadas. Os resultados de simulações eletromagnéticas e experimentais demonstraram boa concordância. Os projetos em tecnologia SIW apresentados neste trabalho de pesquisa possuem perdas de retorno melhores que 10 dB na banda de operação e perdas por inserção de 1,0 dB a 1,5 dB. É apresentada a análise da sensibilidade do desempenho dos guias de ondas e filtros SIW projetados a desvios dimensionais típicos do processo de fabricação por microfresagem mecânica. Com os resultados experimentais e de simulação foi possível validar os procedimentos de projeto e de fabricação de circuitos SIW operando em frequências de micro-ondas. / This research work presents a detailed study about substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) operating in microwave frequencies based on rectangular waveguides (RWG) theory. The study about SIW associates equations presented at the literature and uses electromagnetic simulations to develop a well-defined design procedure. Is considered the integration between substrate integrated waveguides and microstrip line, designing transitions between these two structures with the aim to provide impedance matching and make possible the characterization in microwave frequencies. Considerations are made about the manufacturing process of the SIW circuits on planar dielectric substrate. Once established a manufacturing process and a design procedure, the SIW technology is applied in three waveguides to operate in S and X bands. Was designed two band-pass filters with central frequency of 10,61 GHz, where one of them has band-pass of 7,5% and it is third order filter and the another one has band-pass of 15,0% and it is five order filter. Was made comparison between simulated results and experimental results for the all designed structures. The simulated results and the experimental results shown good agreement. The projects in SIW technology shown in this research work has return loss better than 10dB in the operation band and insertion loss between 1,0 dB and 1,5dB. Is shown a sensibility analysis of the waveguides and filters performance in SIW technology to evaluate the layout differences caused by manufacturing process. With the experimental results and simulation results was possible validate the design procedures and the manufacturing process of the SIW circuits operating in microwave frequencies.