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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of high-speed digital holographic shape and displacement measurement methods for middle-ear mechanics in-vivo

Razavi, Payam 28 March 2018 (has links)
The middle ear plays an integral role in the normal hearing process by transforming sound energy from the air inside the ear canal into vibrations of the inner-ear fluid, and a malfunction in any middle-ear component can lead to significant hearing loss. Despite decades of research on the Tympanic Membrane (TM or eardrum), the transformation of sound energy into ossicular mechanical vibrations is not yet well understood. Part of this is because the available clinical and research tools provide insufficient data to understand the complexities of this transformation. The data insufficiency arises due to methodological, technological, and physiological limitations such as required nanometer and microsecond spatio-temporal resolutions of the sound-induced TM motions. Although holographic methods provide nondestructive non-contact measuring capabilities that satisfy most of the constraints for TM measurements, the influence of large submillimeter scale physiological motions in live samples produced by heartbeat and breathing can result in near complete saturation of TM holograms. In this Dissertation, a new high-speed correlation interferometry holographic method is proposed that can compensate for the effects of physiological noise using an open-loop control configuration. Preliminary animal measurements with the proposed method demonstrate the necessary accuracy and precision to measure the motion of the entire TM produced by short- duration (≥1 kHz) transient stimuli. Such rapid measurements reduce the effect of the longer and slower environmental and physiologic noises, and enable clinical applications. In the second part of this Dissertation, a novel multiple wavelength high-speed holographic interferometric shape measurement method is incorporated into the high-speed displacement measurements. The method uses the imaging optics of the displacement measurement system to perform shape and orientation measurements. Displacement and shape measurements can be made in less than 200 msec and allow computation of true surface-normal displacements. The surface-normal measurements are independent of the direction of observation, which helps comparisons of measurements made after changes in TM orientation or location. The results enable accurate and precise shape and displacement measurements for use in applications such as modal and finite element analyses, additive manufacturing of prosthetic TM grafts, clinical diagnosis, hearing rehabilitation, as well as optimization of hearing devices. In addition, measured shape parameters such as curvature, depth of cone etc., can help us understand TM mechanics and contribute to quantitative diagnostic assessments.
2

Ανάπτυξη προσομοιωτή λειτουργίας μέσου ωτός με σκοπό την υποστήριξη στη διάγνωση

Ρογκάλας, Δημήτριος 29 April 2014 (has links)
Ο σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη και η ανάπτυξη προσομοιωτή λειτουργίας του μέσου ωτός με σκοπό την υποστήριξη στη διάγνωση. Ο βασικός τρόπος διάγνωσης των παθολογιών του μέσου ωτός βασίζεται στην τυμπανομετρία. Εξέλιξη της τυμπανομετρίας είναι η τυμπανομετρία πολλαπλών συχνοτήτων, η οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε για το σκοπό της διατριβής. Στις περισσότερες παθολογικές καταστάσεις, η διάγνωση βασίζεται εν μέρει σε αντικειμενικά κριτήρια. Το πρόβλημα έγκειται στη μετάφραση της κωδωνοειδούς καμπύλης του τυμπανογράμματος. Σε πολλές περιπτώσεις αυτό είναι αναποτελεσματικό για δύο λόγους. Πρώτον γιατί η καμπύλη ενδέχεται να συμπίπτει σε περισσότερες από μία παθολογικές καταστασεις και δεύτερον γιατί μπορεί να λειτουργούν στοιχεία του συστήματος κατά τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να αλληλοεξουδετερώνονται τα αποτελέσματά τους. Η λειτουργία του προσομοιωτή βασίζεται στην αντιστοίχιση του βιολογικού συστήματος του μέσου ωτός (από τον τυμπανικό υμένα ως την ωοειδή και στρογγυλή θυρίδα) σε μηχανολογικό σύστημα και εν συνεχεία στην αντιστοίχιση του σε ισοδύναμο ηλεκτρικό κύκλωμα. Στο πλαίσιο της μελέτης εκφράστηκε η συνάρτηση μεταφοράς του ισοδύναμου κυκλώματος, αναπτύχθηκε η αρχιτεκτονική λειτουργίας του προσομοιωτή, διερευνήθηκαν αλγόριθμοι επεξεργασίας των μετρήσεων, λήφθηκαν κλινικές μετρήσεις φυσιολογικών και παθολογικών δειγμάτων και αξιολογήθηκαν τα αποτελέσματά τους. Εν τέλει αποδείχθηκε η ορθή λειτουργία του προσομοιωτή για φυσιολογική λειτουργία του μέσου ωτός και για την παθολογική λειτουργία του στις νόσους της ωτοσκλήρυνσης και της μέσης εκκριτικής ωτίτιδας. / The purpose of this doctoral dissertation was the study and development of a simulator of the function of middle-ear in order to support the diagnostic procedure. The basic diagnostic procedure for middle ear pathologies is based on tympanometry. The evolution of classic tympanometry is multi-frequency tympanometry, which was used for the purpose of this study. In most pathological situations, diagnosis is based partly on objective criteria. The problem lies with the translation of the bell-like curve of the tympanogram. In most cases this is not effective for two reasons. Firstly, because the curve may concur in more than one pathological situations and secondly, because elements of the system may function in such a way as to cancel each other out in their depiction. The operation of the simulator is based on the correlation of the biological system of the middle ear (tympanic membrane to round and oval windows) to the mechanical system and eventually to the equivalent electrical circuit. During thiw study, the transfer function of the system was generated, the architecture of the simulator was created, algorithms of manipulation of the measurements were investigated, clinical measurements were taken for both normal and pathological ears and their results were evaluated. Finally, the correct operation of the simulator was proven for normal operation of the middle ear and pathological operation in the cases of otosclerosis and secretory otitis media.

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