A research report submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies in Partial Fulfillment for the Master‘s Degree in Science University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 5 June 2017. / With consumer culture that encourages societies to buy more, waste production increases as well. A lack of site specific data regarding waste conceptualisations and practices inhibits sustainable waste initiatives such as separation at source programmes from being successful and results in poor participation levels. This research report investigates these issues through a case study of Elizabeth Fry Village (EFV) in Vorna Valley, Midrand, particularly focusing on a Separation at Source programme in Elizabeth Fry Village. This research was conducted over a 6 month period between September 2016 and March 2017. There are two approaches within the broad debate around waste that this research engages with. The first is the approach presented by Moore (2012), Gutberlet (2013), Oteng-Ababio (2014) and Parizeau (2015) who argue that the different ways that people understand and conceptualise waste influences their waste practices, including participation in recycling programmes. The second approach focuses on the practical factors that affect participation in recycling programmes (Tonglet et al., 2004 and Martin et al., 2006). Based on mixed methods including participant observation, interviews, desktop studies and a waste composition study conducted in Elizabeth Fry Village, this research report argues that it is necessary to combine both approaches to develop a comprehensive understanding of people‘s participation or lack thereof in recycling programmes such as separation at source (S@S). It is recommended that future research explores mechanisms for the better use of putrescible waste and that aspects such as convenience, time, space, knowledge and awareness are further investigated to increase participation rates in the area. Another major aspect identified for future research is exploring how to shift people‘s conceptualision of waste to recognise it as a positive material. Keywords: Recycling, waste, separation at source (S@S), conceptualisation, participation, Elizabeth Fry Village (EFV), Midrand / LG2017

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M.Sc. Building (Project Management in Construction) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2017 / The construction industry plays an important role in our lives, more specifically the residential sector, which serves to help people access their basic human right to housing. Housing is a basic human right which most South Africans are yet to realise. The high demand for housing and other forms of infrastructure by both the private and public sectors have attracted entrepreneurs who fall under the small and medium contractor categories, to venture into the residential construction mostly as sub-contractors. The construction industry is predominantly constituted of small, micro and medium enterprises. The construction industry is also unfortunately widely known to be a hazardous and accident prone sector; whereby workers are exposed to health and safety hazards on a daily basis, some which lead to loss of life. Literature has found that small and micro enterprises (SMEs) experience more occupational health and safety problems in comparison to their medium and larger counterparts. A positive safety culture is considered as an essential contributor to improved occupational safety performance in construction. Due to the highly reported health and safety challenges faced by construction SMEs, the study seeks to determine the existing safety culture of small and micro enterprises operating in private residential construction sector. The researcher explores the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of construction workers and management safety practices on small residential construction sites and therefore determine the existing safety culture. An existing safety climate assessment questionnaire was administered to workers employed at the Waterfall Country Estate, Midrand and the findings indicated that there generally exists a good safety culture on the affluent residential construction site. Unsafe worker behaviours have been blamed as the lead cause of accidents on construction work sites, but the current health and safety status of industry calls for more accountability instead of blame shifting amongst stakeholders. Interventions and strategies that seek to address the occupational health and safety of the construction industry should not be reactive, but should rather be a proactive and anticipatory process. It is therefore crucial to begin exploring proactive approaches towards the establishment of a positive health and safety culture, whereby more commitment and accountability is shown from all key stakeholders who collectively have the means to influence and contribute towards the creation of a positive safety culture in residential construction. / XL2018