When a couple moves, the woman is often placed at a disadvantage. Moves are more often motivated by men’s career advancement opportunities, and men tend to gain more economically from moving. In this thesis, these patterns are examined with an eye on the role of sex segregation on the labor market. Results from the four studies indicate that there exist gender differences in couples’ migration patterns in Sweden. These differences cannot be completely explained by occupational sex segregation or by traditional gender ideologies. I. Compared to men, women are more willing to move for the sake of their partner’s employment opportunities. Further, fathers move for the sake of their own career more often than mothers. Gender differences in these patterns are greater among individuals with gender traditional attitudes, but also exist in more egalitarian relationships. II. In a couple, the man’s educational attainment affects couples’ mobility more than the woman’s. This is because highly educated men’s occupations have more career advancement opportunities and larger differences in wages between regions, whereas women’s occupations have higher geographic ubiquity. Both partners’ occupational characteristics have an equal impact on the couple’s mobility. III. When a couple moves, the man benefits more financially than the woman. This differential cannot be wholly explained by occupational differences. Some of the lag in women’s earnings development can be accounted for by childbearing following a move. Occupations’ with greater geographic ubiquity correlate with more positive financial outcomes for both men and women following a move. IV. At the start of co-residence, it is more common that the woman moves to the man than vice versa, and women generally move longer distances than men. Age differentails between partners explain part of these migration differences. Furthermore, men’s migration propensities and distance moved are more affected by labor market ties than women’s. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted.</p>

Les travaux menés lors de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre général de la détection de cibles en utilisant une forme d’onde non-conventionnelle large bande. L’utilisation d’une forme d’onde large bande à faible PRF a été proposée par le passé une alternative aux traitements multi-PRF qui limitent le temps d’illumination de la scène. En effet, l’augmentation de la bande instantanée permet d’obtenir une meilleure résolution distance ; les cibles rapides sont alors susceptibles de migrer lors du temps de traitement, mais ce phénomène de couplage distance-vitesse peut être mis à profit pour lever les ambiguïtés. L’objectif de la thèse est alors de développer, pour une forme d’onde large bande avec faible PRF, des traitements prenant en compte la migration des cibles et capables de lever les ambiguïtés vitesse dans des scénarios réalistes. Les travaux se basent sur un algorithme de représentation parcimonieuse non-ambigüe de cibles migrantes, dans un cadre algorithmique Bayésien. Cet algorithme est en revanche développé sous certaines hypothèses, et des travaux de robustification sont alors entrepris afin de l’utiliser sur des scénarios plus réalistes. Dans un premier temps, l’algorithme est robustifié au désalignement des cibles par rapport à la grille d’analyse, puis modifié pour prendre également en compte une possible composante diffuse de bruit. Il est également remanié pour estimer correctement une scène comportant une forte diversité de puissance, où des cibles fortes masquent potentiellement des cibles faibles. Les différents algorithmes sont validés à la fois sur des données synthétiques et expérimentales. / The work conducted during this PhD falls within the general context of radar target detection using a non-conventional wideband waveform. More precisely, the use of a low-PRF wideband waveform has been proposed in the past as an alternative to the classical staggered-PRF processing used to mitigate velocity ambiguities that limits dwell time. Increasing the instantaneous bandwidth improves range resolution; fast moving targets are then likely to migrate during the coherent processing interval. This range-velocity coupling can then be used to mitigate velocity ambiguities. This PhD thesis aims at developing an algorithm able to provide unambiguous estimation of migrating targets using a low-PRF wideband waveform. It is based on a sparse representation algorithm able to unambiguously estimate migrating targets, within a Bayesian framework. However, this algorithm is developed under some hypothesis, and then requires robustification to be used on more realistic scenarii. First, the algorithm is robustified to the case of off-grid targets, and then upgraded to take into account a possible diffuse clutter component. On the other hand, the reference algorithm is modified to accurately estimate high dynamic range scenes where weak targets compete with strong targets. All the developed algorithms have been validated on synthetic and experimental data recorded by the PARSAX radar from the Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands.