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The aim of this diploma thesis was to investigate the influence of milk betacasein locus (CSN2) polymorfic variants on production characteristics and milk technological qualities in Czech Simmental cattle and Holstein cattle. DNA extracted from milk of 702 cows was genotyped using PCR and RFLP methods. The genotypes A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 had the following distribution within the population studied: A1A1 in 11,40 %, A1A2 in 8,46 %, and A2A2 in 50,14 % cows. The studied milk parameters were the milk yield (kg), protein and fat percentage and protein and fat yield (kg). The statistical evaluation was made STATISTICA 12 program. We found no statisticaly significant influence of CSN2 genotype on the selected milk yields. The results might be biased by the relatively low amount of individuals studied. Research will continue within the QJ1510339 and GAJU028/2019/ Z grant.

The aim of the trial was to analyze selected indicators of milk yield and economics of milk production in dairy herd of Holstein cattle. Economics of dairy cows is critical to keeping cattle on the farm. Among the main priorities that can improve the economic results of cattle, are mainly production conditions corresponding milk yields, good fertility, high quality market products, quality dairy nutrition, good health, appropriate management of breeding and compliance of welfare in the cattle breeding, because good health belongs among main conditions of economically successful milk production. In dairy cattle breeding herd of Holstein cattle in the farm Meclovská zemědělská, a. s. there were monitored 1081 dairy cows on the first to eleventh lactation for the two years (2010-2011). From the results, there was clear that 2010 was achieved higher milk yields (9 080,87 kg/lactation) than in 2011 (7 857,83 kg/lactation), a higher content of milk fat and protein, it was achieved lower costs (181,44 CZK/FD and 6,98 CZK/kg of milk) than in 2011 (199,40 CZK/FD and 7,92 CZK/kg of milk) and higher profit.