Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-167). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-82).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1965. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 226 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-225).

[No abstract submitted] / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The Silver Cup mine is about 10 miles east of Trout Lake in the Central Lardeau. From 1895 to 1915 it produced about 1.5 million oz. of silver and some lead, zinc, and gold. The problem of the paper is to study its geological setting and structural ore controls. Eastwood has shown that the mine is close to the axial plane of a major isoclinal anticline that is overturned to the southwest and plunging to the northwest. He has correlated the greenstones in the core of the anticline with the top of the Bunker Hill Group and has named the overlying black slates and phyllites Triune Formation. These two stratigraphic units were divided into three and four members respectively. The repetition of certain horizons and the trend of contacts indicates that the major anticline here has two apices separated by a tightly compressed syncline. Ninety five per cent of the production of the mine came from a zone that has a maximum length of 300 feet, a maximum width of 200 feet and has been stoped down to 1200 feet below its outcrop. Geological mapping shows that the ore is contained in openings of a structure that is a combination of a drag fold and a compressional bulge which is dipping with the host horizon to the northeast and raking steeply to the northwest. Host is the basal member of the Triune formation, a siliceous graphitic slate. Three other ore zones in the vicinity of the main zone have a similar lenticular shape and steep rake and are contained in the same member, but they are not all in the same structural position with respect to the two apices of the major anticline. These observations suggest that the mechanical properties of the host rock rather than a continuous structure such as a fault or a shear zone are responsible for the localization of ore. It is shown how the texture of the host rock, the thickness of the host member and the texture of the overlying rocks facilitate the formation of lens like openings if differential stresses are applied. Due to the steep rake of the structures, these stresses cannot be related to relative movement of outer layers towards the apices of the anticline. Their origin is not known but two hypotheses based on field evidence are offered. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The ore and rock specimens which form the material for this study are a collection sent by Mr. T. D. Guernsey, geologist for the Rhokana Corporation, Northern Rhodesia, to Dr. H. C. Gunning of this University under whose direction the present work was done. Owing to the lack of previous detailed work a microscopic investigation is undertaken with no particular problem in view, but with the hope that the accumulation of factual evidence may aid in clarifying the geological problems which have led to a diversity of opinion regarding the origin of these deposits. An historical sketch and a brief description of the geological setting of the Rhodesian copper deposits is given. This information has all been gathered from the available literature on the subject. The character and mineralogy of the ore deposits and relations to their northward extensions in Katanga, Belgian Congo are summarized. Descriptive notes, with interpretative remarks, of the lithology and ore mineralogy of the NKana 'Ore Horizon' as determined by a study of the 38 specimens and over 30 thin sections, constitute a major portion of the paper. General theories of ore genesis and supporting geological evidences are summarized for the purpose of clarifying the issues involved and to help in the erection of a theory for the Rhodesian copper deposits. Extant theories regarding these deposits are outlined and an analysis and synthesis of the evidence gathered in this investigation is presented. The framework of an epigenetic theory is constructed but mention is made that a meta-syngenetic (metamorphic-sedimentary) origin for these deposits is a possibility. Suggestions for further research both in the field and in the laboratory are given in the hope that they may in some way lend direction to subsequent investigations. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Detailed mapping of the bedrock geology of the Brenda copper-molybdenum deposit has revealed a consistent sequence of geological events. Consolidation of the quartz diorite host rock that forms Brenda stock was followed by intrusion of small pegmatite and aplite dikes that probably relate to a residual fraction of the parent magma. Age dating of various quartz diorites (White and Harakal, unpublished) indicates that magma solidification occurred about 176 m.y. A concentration of biotite model ages at about 146 m.y. seems best interpreted as the time of ore mineralization. Mineralization occurred at the beginning of a continuous sequence of related structural events. All mineralized ore fractures and younger shears, faults and intramineral dikes exhibit similar, strongly preferred orientations that are unlike orientations of felsic dikes or primary foliations in the quartz diorite host rock. The ore occurs entirely in fractures as products of three sequential overlapping phases of mineralization and consists almost entirely of the ore minerals chalcopyrite and molybdenite with quartz gangue predominanting. Hydrothermal alteration products exist mostly as thin envelopes of potassium feldspar and/or biotite and propylitic alteration. Large argillic alteration zones also exist, however, and are associated commonly with extensively sheared zones. An effort was made at finding a zoning pattern of ore minerals, minor elements and alteration minerals. Ore mineral zoning in the classical sense appears to be absent at Brenda. Metal grades show a crude zonal distribution that correlates directly with density of ore fractures, Hydrothermal alteration minerals and minor elements in chalcopyrite also lack any obvious systematic zonation pattern on the scale of the mine pit. Intramineral dikes of various textures and compositions have been dated at about 130 m.y. They formed after ore mineralization yet before late minor veining not associated with ore-producing veins. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Investigations were carried out to reach a comprehensive understanding of the action of the roof bolt together with its anchor, on the rock, and how this action helps in stabilising the roof in underground openings. Tests were conducted on a two dimensional photoelastic epoxy model, as well as on a limestone rock model. Results and their analysis revealed that, with the present design of the roof bolt, the most effective type of anchor is the one with the lowest-transverse force. Thus, the glue-anchored bolts are more effective than the expansion shell anchored ones. It was found that the expansion-shell-anchored bolts give high lateral compressive stresses around the anchor, longitudinal compressive stresses along the effective length of the bolt, and tensile lateral stresses in between the end bearing plates. The epoxy anchored standard bolts give no significant transverse compressive stresses around the anchors, nor between them, longitudinal compressive stresses along the effective length of the bolt, and lateral tensile stresses inbetween the end bearing plates. In practical application, the limitations imposed by present rock bolt designs inhibit the attainment of stress distribution patterns in accord with theoretical roof stabilisation principles. To increase the bolt efficiency in stabilising the roofs, a compressive device was found very useful in adding lateral compression to the surrounding stress field. This device can be used alone or fitted to rock bolts to induce compressive lateral stresses in zones where such stresses might help to form a stable roof. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

The primary aim of this study was to investigate vegetation production and soil management factors influencing forage establishment on the waste rock dumps at a Southern Interior B.C. copper mine. Total plant cover on the waste rock dumps ranged from less than 5 to greater than 80 percent. Vegetation and spoil from the major reclaimed sites were analyzed to determine possible causes for the differences in plant cover. Test case areas, which varied in production, topography, and treatment, were then selected for an investigation into the relationships between spoil and vegetation variables. Waste rock and overburden glacial till materials were generally low in N, P, and Mg. Spoil N and K levels varied throughout each reclaimed site, likely as a result of fertilizer placement. Significant positive relationships were found between spoil N and grass cover and spoil K and both grass and legume cover. P levels in legumes from most fertilized sites were still in a deficiency range. A negative relationship between coarse fragment content and legume cover was observed. High coarse fragment content, accompanied with low water holding capacity and dry climatic conditions, suggests that moisture deficiencies are likely a critical problem for revegetation success, particularly on the lower portions of the slope faces. High bulk density values on the flat terraces indicated that compaction could be impeding root growth. Multivariate cluster analysis, based on total percent plant cover and percent composition legumes, was used to categorize all study sites into four vegetation production groups: low cover, grass cover, mixed grass and legume cover, and high production legume dominated cover. Spoil characteristics that differentiated between groups were: N, P, K, Mg, pH, coarse fragment content, and bulk density. This classification system will assist in identifying the management requirements of each vegetation type, such as: level and type of fertilization, overburden capping to reduce coarse fragment content, and scarification. Multiple regression analysis was used to generate equations for predicting biomass production from spoil N, P, K, Mg, pH, and coarse fragment content. Reclamation costs were estimated and it was demonstrated that grass cover and mixed grass and legume cover types were the most desirable. Although costs per hectare were lowest for the low cover type, efficiency of reclamation dollars (dollars invested per tonne forage produced) was also lowest for this type. Establishment of a legume dominated cover type may not be desirable due to forage quality considerations: Cu:Mo ratios in legume foliage averaged less than the recommended 2:1 for cattle grazing. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate