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The aim of this thesis is to analyze reasons for specific taxation of the mineral resources extraction, to present what kind of taxes can be applied for such purposes and to compare them by calculating the tax liability of hypothetical company located in representative provinces of Canada. This calculation proved that when mix of taxes is applied, where part of the income is taxed by corporate income tax and on the other part of income extraction tax is levied by using royalties, the same government revenue can be reached as when linear tax rate is applied as an extraction tax. However, royalties also bring other advantages, e.g. the simplicity of administering extraction taxes or low demands in calculating the tax liability for extractive companies.

The aim of this thesis is to compare the approaches of the taxation of the mineral resources in chosen developing and developed countries and to introduce different ways of mineral resources taxation used in the world. The thesis mainly deals with taxation of an extraction of petroleum, which is one of the most important resources. Selected countries are Nigeria and Angola, which are the largest petroleum producers in Africa from at the forefront of world rankings, followed by Russia, which is currently the largest petroleum producer in the world and finally the United Kingdom and Norway which are among the largest producers of petroleum within Europe.The first chapter of this thesis deals with the characterization of minerals. The second chapter shows the ways and specifics of their taxation. In the third part there are the characteristics of developing and developed countries and the differences in their economies and ways of taxation. There are also provided basic information about the selected states. The ways of the taxation of mineral resources in five selected countries and their comparison are presented in the last chapter.

Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits Business School, 2017 / This study assesses the impact of a change in tax system in South Africa and the effects caused thereof on both the government and mining companies .This is done by comparing different tax models and analyzing the results to determine their suitability to be used in South Africa. A hypothetical case study is used to achieve the goals of the study by employing six different case scenarios under different threshold rates, tax rates and corporate income tax rates on a mining project. An NPV generated from a discounted cash flow under each scenario is used to evaluate the project success, the tax revenue generated shows how much government stands to make. The results show that the project NPV is highest when both the corporate income tax rate and the resource rent tax rate are reduced. The study also reveals reducing the tax rate has a greater effect on changing project NPV and potential government revenue than reducing the threshold rate and/or the corporate income tax rate. An assessment on the readiness of South Africa to changing tax systems shows that although the resource rent tax system can generate high revenues for government, the disadvantages of changing tax systems on the country as a whole currently outweigh the advantages / MT2017

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M.Comm. (International Taxation) / Lyn Bourne (n.d.) once wrote "The concept of royalties evolved from a time when the government owned all of the land, including mines, to the situation where free miners won the right to claim minerals, but paid a portion of their production to the royal treasury. Today, a mineral royalty is a payment to the owner of the mineral rights for the privilege of producing the mineral commodity"...