Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIOMALINOSKI.pdf: 1967487 bytes, checksum: a8c89b1d9584a90151895d2cdcb1b6d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-07 / This work presents the compilation and analysis of several analytical data obtained in the characterization of shale fine and lime schist, two abundant residuals in the Petrosix process. In order to ensure better representativeness of results, samples of lime schist extracted from complete vertical cuts of the layer were analyzed, and indirect analysis procedure was adopted for the shale fine residual, which basically consists of the characterization of samples obtained from complete vertical sections of superior and inferior shale layers in the Mine Rio das Pedras pit, within the Irati formation, in São Mateus do Sul PR. Analytical results obtained though Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) revealed that the lime schist layer presents mass predominance of the elements: Calcium, Silicon and Magnesium, and that this predominance, as indicated by the X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), is due to the significant presence of Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and Quartz (SiO2), and that the great reduction of mass after the Fixed Mineral Residue analysis is mainly related to CO2 elimination, in the dolomite thermal decomposition process. In the shale fine characterization, analytical results obtained through ICP-AES demonstrated that superior and inferior shale layers presented mass predominance of the elements silicon and iron, and this predominance, as indicated by the XRD is mainly due to the presence of Quartz (SiO2) and Pyrite (FeS2), and that the mass reduction after Fixed Mineral Residue analysis is related to the elimination of organic matter and the Pyrite thermal decomposition, with the former as the most relevant factor. Shale layers also presented Albite, Microcline and Muscovite, particle density similar values, crude oil with chromatographic profile of relative elevation in mass between the Heptane and Undecane peaks, uniform distribution between Dodecane and Octacosane peaks, decreasing distribution between the Nonacosane and C72 peaks, with normal spare paraffins in an unresolved complex organic mixture. These results indicate that the fine shale residue has a composition that oscillates between the narrow parameters of superior and inferior shale. / Neste trabalho apresentamos a compilação e a análise de diversos dados analíticos obtidos na caracterização do Finos de Xisto e do Calcário de Xisto, dois resíduos abundantes do processo Petrosix. Para garantir maior representatividade de resultados, analisam s amostras de Calcário de Xisto extraídas de cortes verticais completos da camada, e adotamos um procedimento de análise indireta para o resíduo denominado Finos de Xisto, que consiste basicamente na caracterização de amostras obtidas de secções verticais completas das camadas de Xisto Superior e Xisto Inferior das cavas da Mina Rio das Pedras, dentro da Formação Irati, na cidade de São Mateus do Sul – PR. Os resultados analíticos obtidos por Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (EEA-PIA) demonstraram que a camada denominada Calcário de Xisto apresenta predomínio mássico dos elementos: Cálcio, Silício e Magnésio, que este predomínio, conforme indicado na análise de Difração de Raios X (DRX), deve-se a presença expressiva de Dolomita (CaMg(CO3)2) e Quartzo (SiO2), e que a grande redução de massa após a análise de Resíduos Minerais Fixos está relacionada principalmente a eliminação de CO2, no processo de decomposição térmica da Dolomita. Na caracterização do Finos de Xisto, os resultados analíticos obtidos por EEA-PIA demonstraram que as camadas de Xisto Superior e Xisto Inferior apresentam predomínio mássico dos elementos Silício e Ferro, que este predomínio, conforme indicado na análise de DRX, deve-se em grande parte a presença de Quartzo (SiO2) e Pirita (FeS2), que a redução de massa após a análise de Resíduos Minerais Fixos está relacionada a eliminação da matéria orgânica e a decomposição térmica da Pirita, sendo o primeiro fator muito mais relevante. As camadas de Xisto também apresentaram Albita, Microclínio e Muscovita, valores semelhantes de massa específica de partículas, óleo bruto com perfil cromatográfico de relativa elevação em massa entre os picos de Heptano e Undecano, distribuição uniforme entre os picos de Dodecano e Octacosano, distribuição decrescente entre os picos de Nonacosano e C72, com normais parafinas sobressalentes numa mistura orgânica complexa não resolvida. Estes resultados indicam que o resíduo Finos de Xisto tem composição oscilante entre os estreitos parâmetros do Xisto Superior e do Xisto Inferior.

Εξετάστηκαν κατ'αρχήν οι σχηματισμοί " σκληρά εδάφη-μαλακοί βράχοι" με βάση τη διεθνή και Ελληνική εμπειρία. Διερευνήθηκαν η γεωλογική σύσταση και δομή, σεισμικότητα, τεχνικογεωλογικοί χαρακτήρες και υδρογεωλογικό καθεστώς αυτών στο πλαίσιο του έργου της Ευρείας Παράκαμψης Πατρών (ΕΠΠ). Συντάχθηκε ο τεχνικογεωλογικός-γεωτεχνικός χάρτης της επριοχής έρευνας, σε κλίμακα 1:5000, αξιολογήθηκαν 170 γεωτρήσεις και διαχωρίστηκαν δύο γεωτεχνικές ενότητες των λεπτομερών αυτών ιζημάτων, Ανώτερη και Κατώτερη, οι οποίες αξιολογήθηκαν σε σχέση με τα υπόγεια τεχνικά έργα (σήραγγες). Οι ενότητες αυτές αποτυπώθηκαν σε μηκοτομές των δύο κλάδων του έργου της ΕΠΠ σε κλίμακα 1:5000/1:1000. Έγινε περαιτέρω τεκμηρίωση των ενοτήτων αυτών με βάση λεπτομερή μικροσκοπική μελέτη-ορυκτολογική ανάλυση, αξιολόγηση των εργαστηριακών και επιτόπου δοκιμών, καταγραφή παραμορφώσεων διατομής του έργου (συγκλίσεις), καθώς και ανάδρομες αναλύσεις. Η έρευνα αυτή αποτελεί χρήσιμο οδηγό διερεύνησης ανάλογων σχηματισμών για τον ασφαλή σχεδιασμό υπόγειων τεχνικών έργων. / The formations " hard soils-soft rocks" were firstly examined, based on the international and Greek territory experience. The geological composition and structure of the formations were investigated, as well as seismicity, engineering geological characteristics and hydrogeological regime of the wider area of Patras Ring Road. The engineering geological-geotechnical map of the examined area was drawn up, on a scale of 1:5000, 170 borehole logs were evaluated and two main geotechnical units in these fine sediments were distinguished, Upper and Lower, in relation to the underground works (tunnels). These Units were shown on sections along the two branches of the project, on a scale of 1:5000/1:1000. This discrimination was furthermore documented through detailed microscopic-mineralogical analysis, evaluation of the in situ and laboratory tests, as well as of the recorded deformations of the tunnels cross sections (convergenes) and finally the performance of back analysis. The investigation comprises a useful guide for the examination of such formations, concerning the safe design of underground works.

The diploma thesis deals with the observation and diagnostics of transformations that take place in stone slabs of different mineralogical composition during heating to high temperatures. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with a summary of available information about selected types of rocks. Furthermore, it presents findings from the experimental thermal loading of a granite sample. The principles and instruments of laboratory experimental methods that are used to judge the resistance of rocks are described in detail. In the experimental part, the testing methodology is proposed, the procedure of production of rock test specimens is described and the way in which the thermal loading of stone slabs took place is explained. The results of the experiments are shown in the tables and graphs. A comparison of individual tests and properties of selected samples and evaluation of the obtained results is performed.