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Early cortical injury has been attributed to the consequential effects of various factors, such as alcohol, drug addiction, smoking, and inadequate nutrient intakes during periods of pregnancy and lactation, or delivery of infants by forceps, and premature deliveries. These are only a few examples of circumstances, or "injury", that may result in disorders ranging from mild learning difficulties to aggressive behaviour. Injury to the cortex during the early years of development has been know to result in poor behavioural outcome into adulthood. Presently, the most common form of treatment includes a pharmacological agent, which may be accompanied with behavioral modification therapies supported by families. As an alternative form of therapy towards the treatment of early cortical injury, choline and a vitamin and mineral supplement (EM Power+) were used to determine the possibilities of nutrition intervention in an animal model. The injuries were incurred by aspiration lesion at days three, (Exp.1) and four, (Exp.2) and lesions were localized to the midline medial frontal cortex in some rats, while a different group of rats received lesions in the posterior parietal cortex. The pre-and postnatal choline treated animals showed favorable results for the medial frontal lesions, and the postnatal vitamin supplement treated animals showed favorable results for treatment in both medial frontal and posterior parietal lesions. All animals were tested in adulthood indicating that nutrition intervention is very beneficial for alleviating some of the functional deficits commonly seen from early cortical injury. / xiv, 191 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maiza.pdf: 418262 bytes, checksum: def50a68e6b9cd3076fdcccbf779fb64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-14 / Endosperm hardness is an essential attribute for producers and industries that using corn as a raw material. Kernel texture alterations, however, hamper the commercial use of Quality Protein Maize (QPM). In this experiment, industrial yield was compared in kernel degerming and endosperm splitting and the nutritional value of a QPM variety and common corn genotypes. One QPM variety and three commercial corn hybrids cultived in Goiás were studied. The QPM and the common corn hybrids were processed using the dry degerming method and the resulting yield was expressed as the ratio of the weight of the fractions obtained to the initial weight of the whole corn. The chemical composition and the amino acid profile of QPM, common corn and common corn germ were determined and an experiment with recently weaned Wistar rats was carried out. Four 7 %-protein and one nonprotein diet were prepared. Protein utilization was estimated using the DCF (Dietary Conversion Factor), NPR (Net Protein Ratio), True Digestibility, and the PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility- Corrected Amino Acid Score). In comparison with common corn, QPM presented lower endosperm yield, higher germ and fine fractions (< 0.5 mm) yield, and the same yield for hominy in endosperm splitting. QPM presented similar levels of proteins, lipids and ash, and higher levels of lysine, dietary fiber and iron in the germ in relation to common corn hybrids. NPR values for QPM diets and corn germ diets were similar, lower than the reference and above the NPR values of common corn. The DCF of the QPM diet was higher than that of the casein diet, but it was the same as that of common corn germ and lower than the value obtained for common corn. QPM and common corn germ presented a protein value (NPR) that was 72 % of the value for casein, while that of common corn was 60 % of the casein value. QPM and the germ fraction of common corn are good quality protein sources when compared to common corn protein, and they present a satisfactory yield for use in the food industry as raw materials which add nutritional value to the products generated / A dureza do endosperma do milho é atributo essencial para produtores e indústrias que utilizam este cereal como matéria-prima. Porém, os milhos de alta qualidade protéica (QPM) apresentam alterações na textura do grão, dificultando seu uso comercial. Este trabalho investigou o rendimento industrial, na degerminação do grão e no fracionamento do endosperma, e o valor nutricional, de uma variedade de milho QPM em relação a genótipos de milho comum comercializados em Goiás. Foi estudada uma variedade de milho QPM e três híbridos comerciais de milho comum, cultivados em Goiás. O milho QPM e os híbridos de milho comum foram processados utilizando método de degerminação a seco, e o rendimento resultante foi dado pela relação entre o peso das frações obtidas e o peso inicial do milho inteiro. Foi determinada a composição química e o perfil de aminoácidos do milho QPM, milho comum e do gérmen de milho comum, e realizado um experimento com ratos Wistar, recém-desmamados. Foram elaborados quatro dietas com 7 % de proteína e uma aprotéica. Estimou-se a utilização protéica mediante os índices: NPR (Net Protein Ratio), FCA (Fator de Conversão Alimentar), Digestibilidade Verdadeira, e PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score). Em comparação ao milho comum, o milho QPM apresentou menor rendimento de endosperma, maior rendimento de gérmen e de frações finas (< 0,5 mm), e mesmo rendimento de canjica no fracionamento do endosperma. O milho QPM apresentou teores similares de proteínas, lipídios e cinzas, e maiores teores de fibra alimentar, de lisina, e de zinco e ferro (gérmen) em relação aos híbridos de milho comum. Os valores de NPR para as dietas com milho QPM e gérmen de milho comum foram semelhantes entre si, inferiores ao padrão, e superiores ao milho comum. A dieta QPM apresentou FCA maior que a dieta de caseína, porém foi menor que o milho comum, e igual ao gérmen de milho comum. O milho QPM e o gérmen de milho comum apresentaram valor protéico (em relação à caseína) de 72 %, enquanto que o milho comum apresentou valor de 60 %. O milho QPM e a fração gérmen de milho comum são fontes de proteína de melhor qualidade quando comparados ao milho comum e apresentam rendimento satisfatório para serem usados na indústria de alimentos como matérias-primas que agregam valor nutricional aos produtos gerados