Campostoma anomalum roanokense, a new subspecies of C. anomalum in the James and Roanoke Rivers of Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina is compared to C. a. kanawhanum, the most closely related form, and to other similar forms. Three races of C. a. roanokense: a. South Fork Roanoke River Race, b. North Fork Roanoke River Race, and c. James River Race, are described and their relationships discussed. A Roanoke River endemic (Notropis cerasinus) taken from the New River drainage and the interrelationships of the three races of C. a. roanokense may indicate a more recent contact between the New and South Fork of the Roanoke River watersheds than has taken place between the New and the James River watersheds. / Master of Science