A passenger mix model (PMM) is used by airlines to find out how many passengers will fly on a fleet schedule. There are numerous ways of modeling passenger mix models and this report studies a share based passenger mix model, proposed by Sabre, and tests its efficacy against a deterministic linear program (DLP) passenger mix model. A DLP passenger mix model cannot recapture spilled passengers and requires iterations of the same model to recapture passengers. In order to eliminate the iterative nature of the DLP model Sabre proposed a new model which eliminates iterations for recapturing passengers. This report studies the proposed share based passenger mix model and compares it with the DLP model in terms of traffic allocation and speed of solution. It is found that the share based model allocates traffic in the same manner as the tried and tested DLP model. / text

<p>Aim of this paper is to describe and analyze why customers come back to the restaurants, what influence their decisions. During the research we formulate 2 hypotheses. Hypotheses 1 – most reasons of the restaurants’ customers retention can be associated with restaurants’ service elements adapted from the 8Ps of Service Marketing Model. Hypotheses 2 - retention and loyalty have unidirectional relation – loyalty means retention of the customer, but retained customer doesn’t mean loyal. The results of empirical research support both hypotheses. Also during the empirical research we have highlighted some interesting results which are visualized in Illustration 5.1, Illustration 5.2 and Illustration 5.3. In research qualitative and quantitative approaches are used. Data collection method is interview. One deep interview was conducted with restaurant manager in order to enhance the quality of results interpretation. The results of the research can be used by marketers especially in restaurant sphere in order to better understand what influence customers’ behavior and why they come back to the service provider. Also restaurants’ managers can use our findings as a tool to increase the retention rates by adjusting relevant restaurants’ service elements within their restaurant.</p>

Aim of this paper is to describe and analyze why customers come back to the restaurants, what influence their decisions. During the research we formulate 2 hypotheses. Hypotheses 1 – most reasons of the restaurants’ customers retention can be associated with restaurants’ service elements adapted from the 8Ps of Service Marketing Model. Hypotheses 2 - retention and loyalty have unidirectional relation – loyalty means retention of the customer, but retained customer doesn’t mean loyal. The results of empirical research support both hypotheses. Also during the empirical research we have highlighted some interesting results which are visualized in Illustration 5.1, Illustration 5.2 and Illustration 5.3. In research qualitative and quantitative approaches are used. Data collection method is interview. One deep interview was conducted with restaurant manager in order to enhance the quality of results interpretation. The results of the research can be used by marketers especially in restaurant sphere in order to better understand what influence customers’ behavior and why they come back to the service provider. Also restaurants’ managers can use our findings as a tool to increase the retention rates by adjusting relevant restaurants’ service elements within their restaurant.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the process of creating of the marketing mix model as well as to investigate whether the participation can be a possible new concept for this model. The empirical material is based on eight interviews conducted on Gotland with the companies that have contributed with their views on the issue. The respondents were selected due to their background in the professional marketing field. The method is qualitative and is based on semi-structured interviews. The conclusions of the research demonstrate that the concept participation could be ranked as the most important concept in comparison to the four concepts of the marketing mix model. The authors consider the most interesting suggestion for the future studies to be the investigating whether the concept Participation can be considered to be the fifth P in the traditional marketing mix model.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the process of creating of the marketing mix model as well as to investigate whether the participation can be a possible new concept for this model. The empirical material is based on eight interviews conducted on Gotland with the companies that have contributed with their views on the issue. The respondents were selected due to their background in the professional marketing field. The method is qualitative and is based on semi-structured interviews. The conclusions of the research demonstrate that the concept participation could be ranked as the most important concept in comparison to the four concepts of the marketing mix model. The authors consider the most interesting suggestion for the future studies to be the investigating whether the concept Participation can be considered to be the fifth P in the traditional marketing mix model.

A concorrência nos mercados mundiais impõe a necessidade de aumento da eficiência das empresas que desejam assumir posições de liderança nos segmentos em que atuam. Neste ínterim, o balanceamento de linha de montagem assume papel fundamental ao permitir a eficiente utilização dos recursos produtivos visando à realização dos objetivos estratégicos. Esta dissertação aborda o balanceamento de linhas de montagem uni-modelo e mistas. Primeiramente, objetiva-se amenizar os impactos causados pela introdução de novos produtos em linhas de produção. Apoiada na integração da ferramenta Delphi a uma nova heurística de balanceamento uni-modelo, a sistemática foi aplicada em uma empresa de produção puxada com lote unitário de fabricação cuja linha de montagem é sujeita à introdução de novos produtos. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios em comparação à tradicional heurística de balanceamento de linha de montagem. Na sequência, objetivou-se atenuar as restrições de capacidade produtiva nas estações de trabalho de linhas de montagem mistas sujeitas a diversos mix de produtos, com a finalidade de incrementar a eficiência e capacidade produtiva da linha. O incremento da capacidade produtiva, a redução do ciclo de fabricação, o aumento da eficiência de balanceamento foram considerados satisfatórios na aplicação da heurística em uma linha de montagem mista que produz 7 modelos de produtos. / Companies aiming to assume leadership positions are required to increase their effectiveness due to competitive global markets. Thus, assembly line balancing plays a critical role in the efficient utilization of productive resources for achieving strategic goals. This dissertation focuses on the balancing of both single and mixed model assembly lines. The first goal is to mitigate impacts derived from the introduction of new products into the assembly line by associating the Delphi method with a new single-model balancing heuristic; such an approach was applied to a new product in a one-piece flow, pulled production company. Results were taken as satisfactory when compared with a traditional assembly line balancing heuristic. Next, we intended to attenuate capacity restrictions in workstations of assembly lines exposed to several combinations of products with the purpose of increasing the assembly line efficiency. The results were considered satisfactory, when aspects of production capacity, manufacturing cycle time and assembly line balancing were evaluated in a mixed assembly line with seven different products.

A concorrência nos mercados mundiais impõe a necessidade de aumento da eficiência das empresas que desejam assumir posições de liderança nos segmentos em que atuam. Neste ínterim, o balanceamento de linha de montagem assume papel fundamental ao permitir a eficiente utilização dos recursos produtivos visando à realização dos objetivos estratégicos. Esta dissertação aborda o balanceamento de linhas de montagem uni-modelo e mistas. Primeiramente, objetiva-se amenizar os impactos causados pela introdução de novos produtos em linhas de produção. Apoiada na integração da ferramenta Delphi a uma nova heurística de balanceamento uni-modelo, a sistemática foi aplicada em uma empresa de produção puxada com lote unitário de fabricação cuja linha de montagem é sujeita à introdução de novos produtos. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios em comparação à tradicional heurística de balanceamento de linha de montagem. Na sequência, objetivou-se atenuar as restrições de capacidade produtiva nas estações de trabalho de linhas de montagem mistas sujeitas a diversos mix de produtos, com a finalidade de incrementar a eficiência e capacidade produtiva da linha. O incremento da capacidade produtiva, a redução do ciclo de fabricação, o aumento da eficiência de balanceamento foram considerados satisfatórios na aplicação da heurística em uma linha de montagem mista que produz 7 modelos de produtos. / Companies aiming to assume leadership positions are required to increase their effectiveness due to competitive global markets. Thus, assembly line balancing plays a critical role in the efficient utilization of productive resources for achieving strategic goals. This dissertation focuses on the balancing of both single and mixed model assembly lines. The first goal is to mitigate impacts derived from the introduction of new products into the assembly line by associating the Delphi method with a new single-model balancing heuristic; such an approach was applied to a new product in a one-piece flow, pulled production company. Results were taken as satisfactory when compared with a traditional assembly line balancing heuristic. Next, we intended to attenuate capacity restrictions in workstations of assembly lines exposed to several combinations of products with the purpose of increasing the assembly line efficiency. The results were considered satisfactory, when aspects of production capacity, manufacturing cycle time and assembly line balancing were evaluated in a mixed assembly line with seven different products.

A concorrência nos mercados mundiais impõe a necessidade de aumento da eficiência das empresas que desejam assumir posições de liderança nos segmentos em que atuam. Neste ínterim, o balanceamento de linha de montagem assume papel fundamental ao permitir a eficiente utilização dos recursos produtivos visando à realização dos objetivos estratégicos. Esta dissertação aborda o balanceamento de linhas de montagem uni-modelo e mistas. Primeiramente, objetiva-se amenizar os impactos causados pela introdução de novos produtos em linhas de produção. Apoiada na integração da ferramenta Delphi a uma nova heurística de balanceamento uni-modelo, a sistemática foi aplicada em uma empresa de produção puxada com lote unitário de fabricação cuja linha de montagem é sujeita à introdução de novos produtos. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios em comparação à tradicional heurística de balanceamento de linha de montagem. Na sequência, objetivou-se atenuar as restrições de capacidade produtiva nas estações de trabalho de linhas de montagem mistas sujeitas a diversos mix de produtos, com a finalidade de incrementar a eficiência e capacidade produtiva da linha. O incremento da capacidade produtiva, a redução do ciclo de fabricação, o aumento da eficiência de balanceamento foram considerados satisfatórios na aplicação da heurística em uma linha de montagem mista que produz 7 modelos de produtos. / Companies aiming to assume leadership positions are required to increase their effectiveness due to competitive global markets. Thus, assembly line balancing plays a critical role in the efficient utilization of productive resources for achieving strategic goals. This dissertation focuses on the balancing of both single and mixed model assembly lines. The first goal is to mitigate impacts derived from the introduction of new products into the assembly line by associating the Delphi method with a new single-model balancing heuristic; such an approach was applied to a new product in a one-piece flow, pulled production company. Results were taken as satisfactory when compared with a traditional assembly line balancing heuristic. Next, we intended to attenuate capacity restrictions in workstations of assembly lines exposed to several combinations of products with the purpose of increasing the assembly line efficiency. The results were considered satisfactory, when aspects of production capacity, manufacturing cycle time and assembly line balancing were evaluated in a mixed assembly line with seven different products.

Sedan utvecklingen av world wide web på 1990-talet har den digitala utveckling vuxit mer och mer. I takt med digitaliseringen har SEO blivit ett viktigt marknadsföringsverktyg som företag kan använda för att öka sin synlighet online. I slutet av 2019 spreds ett virus vid namn covid-19. Viruset utlöste en pandemi som skakade om världen. En tydlig förändring som skett under coronapandemin är att den digitala utvecklingen har påskyndats. Samtidigt som digitaliseringen påskyndats har även konsumentbeteendet förändrats i form av ökad kundnärvaro online under pandemin. Dessa faktorer har tillsammans lett till ökad konkurrens online inom den svenska sällanköpsvaruhandeln. En ny verklighet har utvecklats där digitala strategier får en allt mer betydande roll för att bemöta konkurrens, vilket företag som bedriver onlinehandel måste förhålla sig till. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga på vilket sätt företag inom den svenska sällanköpsvaruhandeln har förändrat sin uppfattning av SEO på grund av ökad konkurrens online till följd av coronapandemin. Studiens teoretiska bakgrund tar avstamp i två teorier, Inbound marketing samt The 4S web-marketing mix model. Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer använts för att samla in data. Sex (6) företag inom sällanköpsvaruhandeln intervjuades. Empirin visar att företagen utvecklat ett ökat intresse, en ökad värdesättning samt en ökad användning alternativt planerar implementering av SEO till följd av ökad konkurrens online under coronapandemin. Sammanfattningsvis visar empirin att företagen har utvecklat en mer positiv uppfattning av SEO vilket tyder på att SEO kan vara ett användbart verktyg för att bemöta den ökade konkurrensen online för företag inom sällanköpsvaruhandeln. / Since the development of the world wide web in the 1990s digital development has grown more and more. As the digitization has become an integrated part of organizations, SEO has become an important marketing tool that companies can use to increase their visibility online. At the end of 2019, a virus was spread by the name Covid-19. The virus triggered a pandemic that shook the world. During the pandemic the digital development has rapidly increased. The consumer behavior has also changed during the pandemic as the online presence among consumers has increased heavily. Both of these factors have led to increased competitiveness online among the Swedish rare goods trade. In this new reality digital strategies play an important role, which companies who conduct online trading have to take into consideration. The purpose of this study is to examine in which way companies in the Swedish rare goods trade have changed their perception of SEO due to increased competition online as a result of the covid-19 pandemic.  The theoretical background covers two theories, Inbound Marketing and The 4S Web-Marketing Mix Model. The study applies a qualitative approach where semi-structured interviews have been used to collect data. Six companies in the rare goods trade have been interviewed. Results show that the companies has developed an increased interest, an increased value and an increased use of SEO or a plan to implement SEO due to the increased competitiveness online during the pandemic. To summarize, the study proves that companies have developed a more positive perception of SEO which suggests that SEO can be a useful tool for addressing increased competitiveness online among companies in the Swedish rare goods trade.

Reliable estimates of species abundance, distribution, and population trajectories are critical in conservation and management. However, for many tropical species that information is missing. We conducted Sharp-shinned Hawk (SSHA) searches during the breeding seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2016 in eight montane forest reserves and their adjacent private lands of Puerto Rico. Further, we developed a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) of the SSHA’s potential distribution using the following environmental variables: aspect, canopy closure, elevation, rainfall, slope, and terrain roughness. Elevation accounted for 89.8% of model fit, predicting the greatest probability of occurrence (> 60%) at elevations above 900 m. The model estimated 0.6% Puerto Rico (56.1 km2) has the greatest probability of occurrence. We developed a periodic population matrix model to describe influence of early life stages on population growth of the Red-tailed Hawk (RTHA) in eastern Puerto Rico. Our results suggest that the RTHA population has an average annual population increase of 5%, with rates differing between highlands (λh = 1.05) and 27% lowlands (λl = 1.27). Adult survival was the most important population growth parameter, with more effect in highlands (elasticity = 0.86) than in lowlands (elasticity = 0.53). Sensitivity of λ to changes in nestling survival was greater than for other life-stages (sensitivity lowlands = 0.46, sensitivity highlands = 0.48). I developed an open population N-mixture model to estimate abundance, availability, and detection probability of RTHA in the Luquillo Mountains and western Cordillera Central. The abundance estimates were 0.05 RTHA/ha, with an availability of (ϕ) = ~1 RTHA/per survey point and a detection probability (r) = ~0.25. In Luquillo Mountains, abundance was positively influenced by slope and elevation. In the western Cordillera Central, abundance of RTHA was constant across elevation, slope, and canopy closure. Detection probability decreased with increasing slope and wind conditions and showed a gradual small negative decrease with slope with reduced winds conditions. My findings are a contribution to our knowledge to how population traits and ecological constraints imposed by insular environments are influencing distribution, abundance, and population dynamics of raptors to propose management or conservation schemes.