Le Gravettien est le deuxième ensemble chrono-culturelle du Paléolithique supérieur après l’Aurignacien. La diffusion du Gravettien en Europe s’est produite rapidement, entre 30.000 et 20.000 ans BP. Pendant cette période, l’instabilité climatique due à l’approche du LGM a engendré la formation d’environnements différents. En particulier, la péninsule italienne était divisée en deux régions par la chaîne des Apennins: la côte adriatique, froide et aride à Est et la côte tyrrhénienne plus tempérée, à Ouest. Cette dernière fait l’objet de la présente étude. Dans le but de comprendre les stratégies de mobilité adoptées par les groupes gravettiens et leur développement, plusieurs assemblages lithiques ont été analysés. Notamment, la séquence gravettienne du Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Ligurie – Italie), qui livre une des plus importantes stratigraphies du Paléolithique supérieur italien, a été entièrement étudiée. À l’intérieur du complexe archéologique des Balzi Rossi, une comparaison directe a été faite avec la collection gravettienne de la Grotte des Enfants. Plusieurs collections mineures provenant de sites provençaux ont été examinées, en permettant d’effectuer une comparaison avec les données des Balzi Rossi. Enfin, l’analyse du site de Bilancino situé en Toscane (Italie) a rendu possible de contextualiser le Gravettien entre l’arc liguro-provençal et l’Italie. La relation entre les aspects techno-typologiques et la provenance des matières premières fournit des avancées importantes dans notre compréhension du comportement des chasseur-cueilleurs qui ont habités ces sites et permet de discuter la chronologie et la mobilité territoriale du Gravettien tyrrhénien. / The Gravettian is the second chrono-cultural complex of the Upper Paleolithic after the Aurignacian. The Gravettian diffusion, throughout Europe, took place in a short span of time between 30.000 and 20.000 years BP. During this period, the climate instability due to the LGM approach created different environments. Particularly, Italy was split in two regions separated by the Apennine mountains: the cold and arid Adriatic coast on the first hand and the more temperate Tyrrhenian coast on the other hand. The latter region is the main object of this research. With the aim to understand the development and the mobility strategies used by the Gravettian groups in this area, several lithic assemblages have been analyzed. Specifically, the Gravettian sequence of Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Liguria - Italy), providing one of the most important stratigraphy of the Italian Upper Paleolithic, has been entirely studied. Inside the Balzi Rossi archaeological complex a direct comparison has been provided by the Gravettian collection of Grotta dei Faniculli. Moreover, some other smaller collections coming from the Provence area have been studied, allowing a comparison with the Balzi Rossi area. Finally, the site of Bilancino located in Tuscany let to contextualize the Gravettian between the liguro-provençal arc and Italy. The relation between techno-typological aspects and the raw materials provenance gives important advances in our comprehension of the behavior of the hunter-gatherer groups who inhabited the sites, discussing the timing and territorial mobility of the Tyrrhenian Gravettian.

Through the lenses of Social Identity Theory, this thesis endeavours to understand how perceptions of intergroup relations and in-group identifications affect the choice for different mobility strategies and forms of political participation among the second-generation Turkish migrants in the Netherlands. To this end, two political participation paths are specified: ethnic and mainstream. The former is defined as promoting ethnic group interests in the political arena while the latter is defined as participation in national Dutch politics. Perceptions of illegitimate and unstable status differences, of impermeable group boundaries, and of discriminatory intergroup relations are expected to contribute to the choice for collective mobility strategy and ethnic political participation mediated by Turkish identification. Conversely, legitimate, stable and permeable intergroup conditions are hypothesized to lead to the choice for individual mobility strategy and mainstream political participation through affecting Dutch identification. Three path models including perceptions of legitimacy, stability, permeability and discrimination as predictors, Dutch and Turkish identification as mediators, mobility strategies as both outcomes and mediators, and ethnic and mainstream political participation as outcomes were tested in a sample of 161 participants. Results generally confirmed the expectations except for the stability hypothesis. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.