<p>The accelerating digital transformation in the aerospace and defense sectors underlines a pressing need for refined, standardized methodologies for integrating digital tools into mission engineering (ME).  Existing literature reveals a distinct gap in the practical application of Digital Engineering (DE) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) within ME, particularly due to the lack of clear guidelines for implementation. Recognizing DE and MBSE's potential to manage complex systems, this thesis puts forth a novel DE framework specifically designed for ME to streamline digital tool integration.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The research approach includes a thorough literature review, the development and application of a unique framework for an active debris remediation mission, and the examination of case studies. The findings inform the ongoing digital transformation efforts in the defense and aerospace sectors, offering valuable insights into the real-world application of DE and MBSE within ME. This study focuses on the early-stage, holistic-view design processes of mission and system-of-systems, aiming to establish a robust foundation for detailed lower-level engineering design.</p> <p><br></p> <p>By exploring how to leverage current practices to develop a framework that supports digital artifacts and tools, assessing the framework's improvements, and exploring possible quantification of its impact, this thesis charts a path toward the successful execution of complex mission objectives in the digital era.</p>

<p dir="ltr">The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing a Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) requirements framework for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) within the United States Navy (USN). This study leveraged Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) software and a "Systems Thinking" approach for framework construction. This study highlights the need to integrate HF/E considerations as fundamental design requirements rather than afterthoughts in the development of autonomous maritime systems.</p><p dir="ltr">USVs, as a core component of the Navy’s fleet and a growing capability, introduce challenges related to human oversight, trust, and operational control. The study argues that overlooking HF/E elements in their design can lead to:</p><ul><li>Decreased safety and situational awareness</li><li>Higher cognitive workload for operators</li><li>Inefficient manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T)</li></ul><p dir="ltr">The thesis also aligns with the USN’s Digital Engineering Transformation Strategy (DSETS), which advocates for transitioning from document-centric to model-based design and development processes. This shift enhances system interoperability, lifecycle management, and operational effectiveness. </p><p dir="ltr">This thesis offers a pioneering digital framework that ensures HF/E principles become an intrinsic part of USV development, enhancing efficiency, safety, and mission success. The validated framework/model consists of 117 HF/E requirements, 11 essential components, and six generic functions. The model provides decision-makers and engineers with a modifiable and usable framework to embed HF/E considerations into USV design.</p>