The field of high-energy physics has been living a very exciting period of its history with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collecting data. Indeed, this enormous machine able to collide protons at a center of mass energy of 14 TeV promises to unveil the mystery around the physics at such energy scales. From the physicists side, the expectations are very strong as it isnowadays a certitude that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete and should, in fact, be interpreted as the effective theory of a more fundamental one. Unfortunately, the 7 and 8 TeV runs of the LHC did not provide any sign of new physics yet but there has been at least one major discovery in 2010, namely the discovery of a scalar particle with a mass of 125 GeV and whichproperties are very close to those of the Standard Model Higgs boson. Since then, many questions have come up as we now want to understand if it really is the Standard Model Higgs boson or if it exhibits any deviations. It is in this peculiar context that my research work was carried. In a first project, we, my supervisors, our collaborator and I, have wanted to explore thephenomenology associated with the neutralinos and charginos sector of the left-right symmetric supersymmetric model. Such an analysis can be motivated by several reasons such as the fact that the supersymmetric nature of these models provides a natural explanation for the infamous hierarchy problem, implies the unification of the gauge coupling constants at very high energy and provides a natural candidate for dark matter. In addition to these nice features, the left-right symmetry introduces a natural framework for explaining the smallness of neutrino masses but also helps in addressing several other unresolved issues in the Standard Model framework. Only focusing on the lightest charginos and neutralinos decaying into one or more light leptons, we have shown in our study that these models can be easily discovered in multi-leptonic final states as theylead to signatures very different from those induced by the Standard Model or its supersymmetric version.[...]

Une très grande effervescence secoue le monde de la physique des particules depuis le lancement du grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC) au CERN. Cette énorme machine capable de faire se collisionner des protons à des énergies égales à 14 TeV promet de lever le voile sur la physique régissant les interactions à ces échelles d’énergies. Ces résultats sont d’autant plus attendus que l’on a acquis la certitude que le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules est incomplet et devrait, en fait, être interprété comme la théorie effective d’une théorie plus fondamentale. Toutefois, depuis le lancement des expériences au LHC avec des énergies de 7 puis de 8 TeV aucun signe de nouvelle physique n’a été découvert. Par contre, un énorme bond en avant a été franchi avec la découverte d’une particule scalaire de masse égale à 125 GeV et dont les propriétés sont relativement proches de celles du boson de Higgs telles que prédites par le Modèle Standard. C’est dans ce contexte de forte émulation internationale que mon travail de thèse s’est inscrit. Dans un premier temps, nous avons voulu explorer la phénoménologie associée au secteur des neutralinos et charginos du modèle supersymétrique symétrique gauche-droit. Cette étude peut être motivée par plusieurs raisons notamment le fait que leur caractère supersymétrique apporte une solution au problème dit de la hiérarchie mais implique aussi l’unification des constantes de jauge ainsi que l’explication de la matière noire. L’introduction de la symétrie entre les fermions gauchers et les fermions droitiers permet, quant à elle, d’expliquer naturellement, via le mécanisme dit de la balançoire, la petitesse de la masse des neutrinos mais aussi de répondre à plusieurs autres questions non solubles dans le cadre du Modèle Standard. Nous concentrant uniquement sur le secteur des charginos et neutralinos les plus légers, nous avons montré que ces modèles peuvent être facilement mis en évidence dans les évènements multi-leptoniques en ce sens que les signatures qu’ils induisent sont tr`es différentes comparées à celles du Modèle Standard et de sa version supersymétrique.[...] / The field of high-energy physics has been living a very exciting period of its history with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collecting data. Indeed, this enormous machine able to collide protons at a center of mass energy of 14 TeV promises to unveil the mystery around the physics at such energy scales. From the physicists side, the expectations are very strong as it isnowadays a certitude that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete and should, in fact, be interpreted as the effective theory of a more fundamental one. Unfortunately, the 7 and 8 TeV runs of the LHC did not provide any sign of new physics yet but there has been at least one major discovery in 2010, namely the discovery of a scalar particle with a mass of 125 GeV and whichproperties are very close to those of the Standard Model Higgs boson. Since then, many questions have come up as we now want to understand if it really is the Standard Model Higgs boson or if it exhibits any deviations. It is in this peculiar context that my research work was carried. In a first project, we, my supervisors, our collaborator and I, have wanted to explore thephenomenology associated with the neutralinos and charginos sector of the left-right symmetric supersymmetric model. Such an analysis can be motivated by several reasons such as the fact that the supersymmetric nature of these models provides a natural explanation for the infamous hierarchy problem, implies the unification of the gauge coupling constants at very high energy and provides a natural candidate for dark matter. In addition to these nice features, the left-right symmetry introduces a natural framework for explaining the smallness of neutrino masses but also helps in addressing several other unresolved issues in the Standard Model framework. Only focusing on the lightest charginos and neutralinos decaying into one or more light leptons, we have shown in our study that these models can be easily discovered in multi-leptonic final states as theylead to signatures very different from those induced by the Standard Model or its supersymmetric version.[...]