Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-07T11:13:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano Del Monaco.pdf: 2641865 bytes, checksum: 869cdbdceb802dfe0c7a1eb167ff12f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T11:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano Del Monaco.pdf: 2641865 bytes, checksum: 869cdbdceb802dfe0c7a1eb167ff12f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 / The following work has the objective of assessing methodological (and technical) advances resulting of the development of computing, the impact of these developments in Law and, also, if there are ways to integrate these methodological advances in Law, and to what extent there will be necessary adaptations to enable this coupling between technology and Law. In order to do that it is used the theoretical framework of the General Systems Theory, which is applied to Law in a way to enable a suitable approach to the problem of triviality, especially the difficulties that impose limits in this coupling between technology and Law. Lastly, it is proposed a solution to the triviality problem, controlled by the subject, of the juridical problems, adapting them to the limitations of the methods of computing / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar os avanços metodológicos (e técnicos) decorrentes do desenvolvimento da computação, o impacto destes no Direito e, inclusive, se existem formas de integrar essas mudanças metodológicas ao Direito, e em que medida serão necessárias adaptações para permitir uma conjugação adequada entre tecnologia e Direito. Para isso é utilizado o arcabouço teórico da Teoria do Sistema Geral, que é aplicada ao Direito de forma a permitir o tratamento adequado do problema da trivialidade, principal dificuldade a limitar a conjugação adequada entre tecnologia e Direito. Por fim, se propõe uma solução para o problema por meio da trivialização, controlada pelo sujeito, de problemas jurídicos, adequando-os à limitação dos métodos da computação

The social norms concept provides a fresh basis for thinking about how public health policies and campaigns impact health behaviour. Social norms offer much promise to the field of public health, nonetheless, the potential role of norms in changing health behaviour have not been fully embraced. This thesis demonstrates that one of the mechanisms by which national level policies (e.g. tobacco control) can promote health behaviour change, such as an increase in quit intentions, is by making smoking less normative and an undesirable behaviour. This study is vital as it provides a broad conceptualization of tobacco denormalisation and shows how its reasoning is able to influence normative beliefs and smoking behaviour. A review of literature was carried out to establish the generic origins of denormalisation as well as demonstrate that this approach (i.e. social norms) has been widely adopted in schools and college settings to influence health behaviour. As a broader perspective of this thinking was imperative to address public health issues at a societal level, tobacco control was employed to investigate how individual polices influence behaviour and normative beliefs. The research methodology used was pluralistic in nature, given that the majority of past tobacco control policy studies employed either quantitative or qualitative methods. Thus adopting both methods a richer amount of data would be obtained in order to generate an improved understanding of how public policy affects norms and smoking behaviour. To empirically examine the relationship between public policy, social norms and smoking behaviour a broad conceptualization was developed to investigate the normative pathways between national level tobacco policy effects on youth and adults’ smoking behaviour. Quantitative results from the longitudinal study, the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Scotland/UK survey, indicate that a comprehensive smoke-free law that covers, without exception, an entire nation (i.e. Scotland) has increased adult smokers’ perceived social unacceptability of smoking, to some extent higher in Scotland than rest of the UK which, in turn, is associated with quit intentions at follow-up, in both countries. The examination of data from the UK Youth Tobacco Policy Study (YTPS) also demonstrated that the influence of tobacco marketing awareness on adolescents’ smoking intentions is mediated by perceived norms. Prior to the enactment of the UK Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act (TAPA), higher levels of awareness of tobacco advertising and promotion were independently associated with higher levels of perceived sibling approval which, in turn, were positively related to smoking intentions. Independent paths from perceived smoking prevalence and benefits fully mediated the effects of advertising and promotion awareness on intentions, during and after the enactment of the TAPA. Results from the qualitative study generally supported the quantitative findings and provided new insights into how adolescents’ normative beliefs and smoking behaviour are influenced by tobacco control policies. The qualitative group discussion suggests that smoke-free legislation and anti-smoking ads influence perceptions of prevalence, acceptability and smoking behaviour. A number of theoretical implications were presented, including the belief that social norms campaigns and interventions must be focal and salient in individuals’ consciousness so as to effect the desired behaviour change. A theoretical framework of the various normative mechanisms should consequently be integrated into tobacco control policies and norm-based interventions to work in a synergistic manner to influence health-related behaviour. Practical implications of this conceptualization include the view that, instead of public health interventions focusing on conventional approaches (for example, scare tactics), an appropriate strategy would be to incorporate specific information that corrects normative misperceptions and ambiguities among referent populations at individual and societal levels, with consequential normative and health behaviour change. It is recommended that future research employing tobacco industry perceptions and possibly a descriptive norm as additional normative mediators, aside from unacceptability, would be of value to examine whether smoke-free legislation influences quitting partly via changing favourable tobacco industry perceptions, social acceptability of smoking and perceived prevalence of smoking. To sum up, the findings demonstrate that societal level policy measures such as smoke-free legislation and the TAPA are critical elements of a comprehensive tobacco control program that can significantly influence adult smokers’ quit intentions and reduce adolescents’ smoking intentions respectively, by signifying smoking to be less normative and to be socially unacceptable.

A l’instar des autres disciplines, notamment celles relatives à l’informatique, le développement technologique et l’avènement de nouvelles techniques ont permis de faire évoluer une certaine manière de connaître et d’appréhender le droit. Cette recherche vise plus particulièrement le droit relatif aux espaces naturels et tente d’apporter, par l’utilisation des systèmes d’information, une aide à la décision portant sur des problèmes juridiques posés par la diversité́ des instruments de protection de la nature et des acteurs concernés par cette protection. Elle propose l’élaboration d’une méthodologie collaborative et l’expérimentation de deux outils analytiques visant à faciliter l'aide à la décision en matière de protection des espaces naturels, à savoir une base de données juridiques Jurisbase et une cartographie juridique Juriscarto. / Like other disciplines, particularly those related to computing, the development of high technologies and the emergence of new technics allowed the development of a certain knowledge and understanding concerning law. This research focuses on law related to natural areas. It aims at providing, through the use of information systems, a decision support to legal problems posed by the diversity of instruments used to protect natural areas, and the diversity of actors involved in such a protection. This research proposes the development of a collaborative methodology and the experiment of two analytical tools aiming at facilitating the decision making process in the protection of natural areas, namely a legal database Jurisbase, and legal mapping Juriscarto.

Diploma thesis deals with comparing of current awards by Classification of building structures and works and awards by Functional parts. It is possible to calculate Building life cycle costs by Functional parts. This is definately the advantage of the system because the calculation cannot be done by Classification of building structures and works. A new law on public procurement deals with Building life cycle costs as an evaluation criterion. So it is recommended to use Functional parts awards. The other goal of the thesis is to find bridges between Functional parts and the issue of BIM. BIM is a trend of global construction industry.