Com a divulgação dos efeitos antrópicos sobre o clima nos últimos anos, nota-se um adensamento no debate acerca da incorporação da temática socioambiental na agenda corporativa. Embora as externalidades ambientais da atividade produtiva sejam conhecidas desde o início da Revolução Industrial, os processos de elaboração e implementação de estratégias empresariais de sustentabilidade ainda é algo em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho visa analisar a dinâmica da difusão de estratégias de sustentabilidade em redes empresariais através de modelos de sistemas sociais complexos. Para tanto, são analisados alguns modelos consolidados na literatura, como o modelo de Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) e Ito e Kaneko (2002). Tal análise subsidia a criação de um modelo específico, cujos resultados de sua simulação são utilizados para gerar hipóteses que alicerceiam a elaboração de cenários prospectivos, pautando-se no referencial de Berger (1959) e Godet (2008). Por fim, tais cenários apresentam possíveis realidades futuras quanto à emergência de um setor produtivo mais sustentável, auxiliando no planejamento de empresas e governos. / With the disclosure of anthropogenic impacts on climate in recent years, there has been a growing debate about the incorporation of environmental issues on the corporate agenda. Although the environmental externalities of productive activity are known since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the processes of development and implementation of corporate sustainability strategies are still under development. The present work analyzes the dynamics of the diffusion of sustainability strategies on enterprise networks through models of complex social systems. Hence, we analyze three well known models: Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) and Ito and Kaneko (2002). This analysis underpins the creation of a specific model, which results are used to generate hypotheses that support the development of prospective scenarios, based on Berger (1959) and Godet (2008). Finally, these scenarios present possible future realities for the emergence of a sustainable productive sector, assisting in the planning of businesses and governments.

Com a divulgação dos efeitos antrópicos sobre o clima nos últimos anos, nota-se um adensamento no debate acerca da incorporação da temática socioambiental na agenda corporativa. Embora as externalidades ambientais da atividade produtiva sejam conhecidas desde o início da Revolução Industrial, os processos de elaboração e implementação de estratégias empresariais de sustentabilidade ainda é algo em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho visa analisar a dinâmica da difusão de estratégias de sustentabilidade em redes empresariais através de modelos de sistemas sociais complexos. Para tanto, são analisados alguns modelos consolidados na literatura, como o modelo de Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) e Ito e Kaneko (2002). Tal análise subsidia a criação de um modelo específico, cujos resultados de sua simulação são utilizados para gerar hipóteses que alicerceiam a elaboração de cenários prospectivos, pautando-se no referencial de Berger (1959) e Godet (2008). Por fim, tais cenários apresentam possíveis realidades futuras quanto à emergência de um setor produtivo mais sustentável, auxiliando no planejamento de empresas e governos. / With the disclosure of anthropogenic impacts on climate in recent years, there has been a growing debate about the incorporation of environmental issues on the corporate agenda. Although the environmental externalities of productive activity are known since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the processes of development and implementation of corporate sustainability strategies are still under development. The present work analyzes the dynamics of the diffusion of sustainability strategies on enterprise networks through models of complex social systems. Hence, we analyze three well known models: Ising (1925), Barabási-Albert (1999) and Ito and Kaneko (2002). This analysis underpins the creation of a specific model, which results are used to generate hypotheses that support the development of prospective scenarios, based on Berger (1959) and Godet (2008). Finally, these scenarios present possible future realities for the emergence of a sustainable productive sector, assisting in the planning of businesses and governments.

Dans ce travail, nous présentons une approche de couplage de modèles orientée agent pour la modélisation des systèmes complexes spatiaux. L’idée principale est d’utiliser l’espace comme medium d’interaction entre les modèles à coupler pour leur permettre de coexister et d’interagir conformément à un ensemble de règles qui régissent ces interactions. En jouant le rôle de facteur de couplage, l’espace permet aux agents chargés du couplage d’échanger des données et nous permet d’observer les résultats concrets du couplage des différents modèles constituant le système complexe spatial étudié. Cette approche est composée d’une méthodologie et d’un métamodèle de couplage orienté-agent. Notre métamodèle est basé sur une architecture organisationnelle (AGRE) et de type holonique qui prend en considération la spécificité, l’autonomie et l’échelle de calcul de chaque modèle. Cette notion de holon nous permet de gérer l’hétérogénéité des formalismes et des échelles spatio-temporelles des modèles. En effet, l’hétérogénéité spatiale est gérée par la décomposition des agents de collecte et de spatialisation jusqu’à atteindre le niveau d’abstraction souhaité. Ces agents peuvent passer d’un niveau à l’autre en adaptant l’échelle spatiale de l’espace à l’échelle spatiale du modèle grâce à des fonctions de conversion. L’hétérogénéité temporelle est gérée par un agent de temps qui permettra de calculer la future date d’exécution du modèle et un agent scheduler qui se chargera de l’ordonnancement de ces dates sur l’échelle de temps de la simulation. Nous prenons le système urbain de Métouia (Tunisie), comme exemple de système complexe spatial à étudier pour répondre aux besoins des urbanistes en termes d’aide à la décision en aménagement et tester notre approche de couplage coupling4modeling. / In This work we present an agent-based approach for coupling models in the context of complex spatial systems. The main idea of our approach called Coupling4Modeling is the use of the space as a medium of interactions between the coupling agents to allow them to co-exist and interact according to a set of rules that govern these interactions. By playing the role of coupling factor, space allows coupling agents to exchange data and to observe the results of pragmatic coupling of different models constituting the studied spatial complex sys-tem. This approach consisting in a methodology and an agent-oriented metamodel of coupling. Our metamodel is based on an organizational (AGRE) with holonic architecture that takes into consideration the specificity, autonomy and the calculation scale of each model. This notion of holon allows us to manage the heterogeneity of formalisms and spatio-temporal scales of models. In fact, spatial heterogeneity is managed by the decomposition of the collector and the interpreter agents until reaching the desired level of abstraction. These agents can move from one level to another by adapting the spatial scale of the space to the spatial scale of the model through conversion functions. The temporal heterogeneity is managed by a time agent that will calculate the future date in the execution of the model and a scheduler agent that will schedule these dates following the time scale of the simulation. We take the urban system of Metouia (Tunisia) as an example of spatial complex system, to study with details and to test our coupling4modeling approach. The main goal is to meet the needs of urbanists in terms of decision support in urban planning and to test our coupling approach coupling4modeling.