Thesis (M.S.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Geosciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Dans un contexte d’automatisation totale avec une forte composante informatique, la transformation organisationnelle doit systématiquement être accompagnée d’une évolution des différents Systèmes d’Information (SI). Dans ce sens, les utilisateurs au quotidien doivent « se retrouver » dans l’usage des SI au niveau de ses fonctionnalités, et par sa capacité à répondre rapidement, et d’une façon continue, aux demandes d’évolution de l’organisation. Disposer de SI à l’image des métiers n’est pas une vertu ou un luxe que les entreprises cherchent à obtenir. Le manque à gagner pour l’entreprise en l’absence d’alignement se traduit directement sur la performance de l’organisation : la non-adéquation des SI limite les tâches au quotidien et dégrade le potentiel de progrès de l’entière automatisation. Le système de production se trouve ainsi conditionné par les SI. Au-delà de l’aspect fonctionnalité recherché dans l’alignement, sa mise en œuvre se justifie également par le coût de sa mise en place comparé à un non alignement.Ces travaux visent à garantir, dans un contexte complexe et dynamique, un alignement systématique et continu des SI sur les besoins des processus métiers afin de garantir à l’entreprise les meilleures performances possibles dans l’exploitation de ses SI.Les spécificités du contexte d’étude ainsi que l’analyse bibliographique de la problématique nous ont menés à proposer une méthodologie basée sur un « Modèle de Référence » afin de combler au mieux le fossé Métier / Technologie de l’Information. Cette méthodologie s’intéresse au niveau fonctionnel en mettant l’accent sur l’expression des besoins afin de mieux distinguer la vision Métier de la vision IT.Pour valider la méthodologie que nous proposons, nous l’appliquons sur un cas d’étude industriel relatif à l’évolution de l’ensemble des règles d’éligibilité des lots sur les équipements en fabrication de semi-conducteurs, appelées « processabilité ». / In a full automation context with a strong Information Technology (IT) component, organizational transformations should always be accompanied by an evolution of the different information systems. In that sense, operational users of the information systems must recognize the use of information systems in terms of their functionality, and their ability to rapidly and continuously answer the requirements of the evolution of the organization.Having Information Systems (IS) which reflect businesses is not a luxury for companies. The shortfall for the company in the absence of alignment is the impact on the organization performance: The non-adequacy of the IS limits the daily tasks and degrades the potential benefits of full automation. Thus, the production system is conditioned by the IS. Beyond its functional necessity, alignment is also justified by the cost of its implementation compared to a non-alignment.This thesis aims at ensuring systematic and continuous Business / IT alignment in a complex and dynamic environment.Our study was led by the specificity of the case study and the literature review. We propose a methodology based on a "Reference Model" to minimize the Business / IT alignment gap. From a functional standpoint, the methodology relies on capturing user requirements in a Reference Model and finding acceptable compromises for the IT development, to reach the alignment incrementally. The methodology is applied on a “processability” case study in semiconductor manufacturing.

The primary object of the master thesis is creating escape route analysis in 3D model of a building. Analysis is created using mainly open source tools like PostgreSQL with PostGIS and pgRouting extensions.

This study focused on the management of the red sea urchin Loxechinus albus fishery in Chile. The main objective was to design, construct, implement and assess a computer-based simulation model to analyse the biological effects, socio-economic consequences and spatial dynamics resulting from coastal management plans applied to this resource under the system of AMEBR. This was accomplished by using systems dynamics (SD) and geographical information systems (GIS) modelling, in a process of model development, run, optimisation, sensitivity analysis and risk management, and a series of field-based activities carried out at the cove of Quintay. The GIS model developed for allocating sea urchins restocking sites offered a flexible, cost-effective, user-friendly and descriptive technique for support decision-making on management of this species and other benthic resources. Final site selection for restocking was based on the identification, quantification and selection of higher suitability¦availability combinations (site categories). This map showed 16 different suitability¦availability combinations or site categories, ranging from 4¦100 to 8¦100 (suitability points¦availability %). These had an average of 6.44¦69.37 (covering an area of 82.5 Ha overall equivalent to 81.21% of the study area. This site classification demonstrated high heterogeneity between options, and revealed the full variety of alternatives for decision-making. More importantly, the generally high suitability indexes as well as available area emphasised the prospects for restocking sea urchins in this study area. Over and above of the quantitative outcomes obtained from running the GISRM (suitable and available restocking sites) and the BSESM (alternative strategic management plans), the case study-based analysis made it possible to disclose the wider issues related to the red sea urchin coastal management. These results demonstrated the biological inefficiency of traditional size/seasonal restriction-based approach (macro-scenario 1) for sustainable management of the target species. More importantly, final outcomes strongly suggested that a combination of adaptive restocking-based enhancement activities and flexible exploitation constituted a highly attractive approach (macro-scenario 3) for stock management of this fishery in terms of harvestable stock and related incomes. However from the economic analysis, stocking was also found to be economically unfeasible, being a rather cost intensive exercise negatively affected by high natural mortality rates. A single-variable optimisation analysis demonstrated that a higher survival rate is needed to generate sufficient profits to cover major restocking costs and a positive payment, or a cost reduction is essential to make up for the loss. On top to these practical constraints, based on the distinctive modest economic situation prevailing for most Chilean coves and hence their limited capacity to pay for stocking material, unless adequate and constant funding is available to support artisanal associations, they are very unlikely to develop mass release programmes. Given the economic (i.e.: high operating costs) and technical (i.e.: low survival rates) limitations conditioning stocking-based management cost-effectiveness and applicability, wide implementation of mass releases as a major approach for management of the red sea urchin fishery is very unlikely to take place in Chile. This study presents a methodology and offers a tool to design, evaluate and optimise coastal management plans for the red sea urchin in a dynamic, interactive, systematic, integrated and flexible way. The optional strategic management plans proposed on this study may not be applied equally to any AMEBR, as they are the outputs arising from a single cove-specific analysis. Still, the complete methodological framework and analysis procedures developed may be applied to run the BSESM and optimise management of a red sea urchin fishery at any other AMEBR case of study.