Siu Wing Sum. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-150). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) --- p.i / ABSTRACT (CHINESE VERSION) --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.viii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ix / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xv / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xix / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Epidemiology of Osteoporosis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Prevalence and social aspects of osteoporosis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Osteoporotic bone fracture --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Difficulties on fixation of osteoporotic bone fracture --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Physiology of osteoporotic bone --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Composition --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Architecture --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Bone remodelling --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Method to develop osteoporotic animal models --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Requirements for an ideal animal model --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Common animal models --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- "Rodents, guinea pigs and rabbits" --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Non-human primates --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Dogs and pigs --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2.4 --- Sheep and goats --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Ovariectomy --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Restricted calcium diet --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Assessment of osteoporosis development --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Photo densitometry --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Bone densitometry by using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Biomechanics of osteoporotic bone --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- Screw pullout test --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Indentation test --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Biochemical markers of bone turnover --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Bone formation markers --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.4.1.1 --- Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.4.1.2 --- Osteocalcin (OC) --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Bone resorption markers --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.1 --- Deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.4.2.2 --- Creatinine --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- METHODOLOGY --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1 --- Establishment of osteoporotic animal model --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animal arrangement --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Ovariectomy --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Restricted calcium diet --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Confirmation of successful ovariectomy --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Histological assessment --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- Biochemcial assessment --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Assessment of osteopenia development --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Photodensitometry --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Radiography --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Microradiograpgy --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Iliac crest biopsy --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Bone autopsy --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Biomechanical tests --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Screw insertion and pullout test --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.3.1.1 --- Femora --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.3.1.2 --- Tibiae --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.3.1.3 --- Lumbar vertebrae --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Indentation test --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Biochemical markers measurement --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Blood collection --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Urine collection --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Osteocalcin (OC) --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.4.4.1 --- Sample and reagent preparation --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.4.4.2 --- Measurement --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and urine creatinine --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.1 --- Sample and reagent preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.2 --- Measurement --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.4.5.3 --- Standardization of urine concentration --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.60 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- RESULTS --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1 --- Animal distribution --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2 --- Confirmation of successful ovariectomy --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3 --- Assessments in skeletal mature goats (Part I) --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Estradiol (E2) assessment --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Photo densitometry --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Proximal metaphysis of tibia --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Calcaneum --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Iliac crest biopsy --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement - by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Iliac crest biopsy --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Lumbar vertebrae autopsy --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Calcaneus and humeral heads autopsy --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Biomechanical tests --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- Screw pullout test --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Indentation test --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Biochemical markers --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Bone formation markers --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.5.1.1 --- Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.5.1.2 --- Osteocalcin (〇C) --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Bone resorption marker 226}0ؤ Deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4 --- Assessments in skeletal immature goats (Part II) --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Estradiol (E2) assessment --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement - by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) --- p.94 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Iliac crest biopsy --- p.94 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- "Lumbar vertebra, calcaneum and humeral head autopsy" --- p.94 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Biomechanical tests --- p.98 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Screw pullout test --- p.98 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- Indentation test --- p.102 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Biochemical markers --- p.104 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Bone formation markers --- p.104 / Chapter 3.4.4.1.1 --- Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) --- p.104 / Chapter 3.4.4.1.2 --- Osteocalcin (〇C) --- p.104 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Bone resorption marker 226}0ؤ Deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) --- p.107 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- DISCUSSION --- p.109 / Chapter 4.1 --- Experiences from other osteoporotic animal models --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2 --- OVARIECTOMIZED SKELETAL MATURE GOATS FED WITH LOW CALCIUM DIET suffered from osteopenia --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Technique of ovariectomy, calcium content in diet and skeletal maturity are the determinants of the successful establishment of osteopenic goat model" --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4 --- Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement of the iliac crest biopsy by PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY (PQCT) IS THE BEST PARAMETER FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF OSTEOPENIA IN LIVING GOATS --- p.122 / Chapter 4.5 --- Further improvement of densitometric measurement --- p.123 / Chapter 4.6 --- Limitations of the present study --- p.125 / Chapter 4.7 --- Further studies --- p.129 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- CONCLUSION --- p.132 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.135

Thesis (M.S.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010. / [School of Medicine] Department of Biomedical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009. / [School of Medicine] Department of Biology. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 286-298).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1942. / Typescript (carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [36-40]).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2005" Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2002. / "December 2002." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-160). Also issued on the Internet.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Physiology. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/01/17). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy).