Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-13T11:28:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSINALDO DO RIO MEDEIROS - TESE (PPGEP) 2009.doc: 40662016 bytes, checksum: 19de7f51f29e605072615b107e5da0c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T11:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSINALDO DO RIO MEDEIROS - TESE (PPGEP) 2009.doc: 40662016 bytes, checksum: 19de7f51f29e605072615b107e5da0c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-17 / Capes / A expansão por umidade (EPU) consiste na expansão sofrida por alguns materiais cerâmicos quando em contato com água na forma líquida ou de vapor. O processo de EPU quando desenvolvido em blocos cerâmicos pode acarretar o aparecimento de trincas em alvenarias ou mesmo danos estruturais mais severos. Nos últimos anos, os estudos desenvolvidos sobre EPU e resistência mecânica, estão centrados em materiais para revestimentos cerâmicos, com poucos dados relativos ao comportamento mecânico de blocos cerâmicos sujeitos à EPU. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva estudar a influência do teor de quartzo na EPU e no comportamento mecânico de massas cerâmicas para uso em blocos furados. Para tanto, foram analisadas amostras de massas usadas na fabricação de blocos cerâmicos, oriundas de Parelhas-RN. À argila plástica foi adicionado quartzo nos teores de 10, 20 e 30%. Os corpos de prova, moldados por extrusão, queimados nas temperaturas de 850, 900 e 950º C, foram submetidos ao ensaio de aceleração de EPU por autoclavagem com pressão de 0,7 MPa por 5 h e resistência mecânica à flexão com carregamento em três pontos. A EPU foi determinada por dilatometria a 600oC. Os resultados indicam que a adição de quartzo finamente moído, nos teores especificados e nas condições estudadas, de uma forma geral, pouco influenciou nos resultados de EPU, exceto para a adição de 30%, e que a adição de quartzo fino em proporções mais elevadas reduz o comportamento mecânico dos blocos cerâmicos. / The Moisture Expansion (EPU) is the expansion experienced by some ceramic materials when in contact with water in liquid or vapor. The process developed EPU when bricks can cause the appearance of cracks in masonry or even more severe structural damage. In recent years, studies done on EPU and mechanical strength, focus on materials for ceramic tiles, with few data on the mechanical behavior of ceramic blocks subject to the EPU. In this context, this work aims at studying the influence of quartz content in the EPU and the mechanical behavior of ceramic bodies for use in blocks bored. To that end, samples were analyzed mass used in the manufacture of ceramic bricks, coming from Parelhas-RN. In plastic clay was added in the quartz contents of 10, 20 and 30%. The samples, cast extrusion, burned at temperatures of 850, 900 and 950 ° C, were tested on accelerating EPU by autoclaving at a pressure of 0.7 MPa for 5 h and flexural loading with three points. The EPU was determined by dilatometry to 600 °C. The results indicate that the addition of finely ground quartz, the levels specified under the conditions studied, in general, had little influence on the results of public schools and that the addition of fine quartz in higher rates reduces the mechanical behavior of ceramic blocks.

Accurate prediction of long-term moisture expansion in fired clay ceramics requires finding a relationship between the reactivity of a ceramic material with moisture and time. Recently a (time)1/4 law has been proposed which provides a precise relationship between moisture expansion and mass gain in fired clay ceramics and time. However, mass gain studies rather than expansive strain studies provide a more accurate and fundamental measure of the reactivity of fired clay ceramics with moisture. The possibility of using the (time)1/4 law to describe rate of mass gain and consequently to predict moisture expansion in fired clay ceramics with time requires study of the effect of chemical composition and firing temperature on the linear dependence of mass gain on (time)1/4. Pure kaolinite as well as kaolinite mixed with controlled additions of alkali and alkaline-earth metals were employed in this study. These materials were fired at temperatures between 800°C and 1200°C. Mass gain due to the chemical combination of the fired materials with moisture was measured using a recording microbalance under tightly controlled environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The mass gain results show that the (time)1/4 law can be used to obtain an accurate linear relationship between long-term mass gain and time at almost all firing temperatures and at all different compositions. The presence of alkali metals was found to strongly affect the chemical combination of fired clay ceramics with moisture and hence affect the rate of mass gain. On the other hand, alkaline earth metals were found to produce similar reaction kinetics to kaolinite alone. BET surface area and X-ray diffraction results confirm that there is a correlation between the reactivity with moisture and both the specific surface area and crystallinity of fired clay ceramics.

Une grande partie du patrimoine bâti provençal a été érigé à l’aide d’un matériau connu sous le nom de « Pierre du Midi ». L’exposition de ces pierres aux intempéries conduit à des dégradations particulières. Parmi celles-ci, la desquamation en plaques a la particularité de se développer en dehors des zones de remontées capillaires ainsi qu’en l’absence des facteurs communs de dégradation. Elle est donc induite par les propriétés intrinsèques du matériau. Ce travail a eu pour objectif d’en comprendre les mécanismes et d’établir le rôle joué par les minéraux argileux. La variabilité du degré de desquamation en plaques a tout d’abord été mise en évidence sur des monuments de périodes de construction équivalentes. Puis, un échantillonnage représentatif de cette variabilité a été mené en carrières. Le cortège argileux de chaque échantillon a été caractérisé en combinant la microscopie électronique en transmission, à la simulation des diffractogrammes de rayons X. La nature et la quantité de chacune des phases argileuses ont ainsi été déterminées et la quantité des feuillets expansifs peut être corrélée au degré de desquamation en plaques. Par ailleurs, les propriétés de stockage et de transfert des fluides de ces matériaux ont été évaluées. Elles ont permis d’appréhender les modalités de transport de l’eau et son impact sur les propriétés mécaniques. La combinaison de la perte de résistance mécanique et d’une forte dilatation au cours de la variation de la teneur en eau semble être à l’origine du processus de desquamation en plaques. Ce travail permet en outre de définir des critères de sélection de pierres de remplacement pertinents du point de vue de leur durabilité. / Most of the Provence built heritage was erected using a material named « Pierre du Midi ». The natural weathering of these limestones leads to specific deterioration patterns. Among these, spalling tends to develop in areas apart from capillary rise and free from the commun decay factors. This phenomenon seems induced by the intrinsic properties of the material. The present study aims to understand the mechanisms at play and to establish the role of the clay minerals. A wide variability of spalling degree has been observed on historical buildings of equivalent construction periods. A representative sampling of the different limestones types has thus been realized in the respective quarries. The clay minerals assemblage of each sample has been defined thanks to an adapted methodological approach combining TEM-EDX characterization to XRD profile modeling. It allowed determining both the nature and the quantity of each clay mineral phase. The link between the expansive layers quantity and the spalling degree has been evidenced. The storage and transport properties of the different types of limestones were also defined. Moreover, the macroscopic behavior upon water content variation was assessed through dilation and compressive strength experiences. The results suggest that the mechanism leading to spalling decay is triggered by the interaction between the expansive clay mineral layers and the water molecules. The hydromechanic behavior of the stone constitutes the macroscopic symptom of this interaction. This behavior is highly controlled by the fluid storage and transport properties that condition the macroscopic transmission of the deformation.