Supramolecular chemistry is an emerging field of chemistry which has attracted much attention in recent years as a result of its broad applicability in many areas. Thus, the design of functional supramolecular systems is strongly in demand in this field. For this purpose, we have developed ratiometric fluorescent chemosensors for ion sensing and mechanically interlocked structures for their application in molecular logic. In the first part, we report a novel dimeric boradiazaindacene dye which can be converted in one step to an efficient resonance energy transfer (RET) dyad. In addition, if this modification is done with appropriate ligands, RET can be coupled to ion sensing. The utility of this approach is demonstrated in a highly selective, emission ratiometric chemosensor for Ag(I). In the second part, boradiazaindacene dyads designed as energy transfer casettes were modified to signal cation concentrations ratiometrically. If the energy transfer efficiency is increased by changing spectral overlap on cation binding, an enhancement of emission signal ratios can be obtained. A larger range of ratios results in highly improved sensitivity to analyte concentrations. We demonstrate this approach in a de novo design of a novel and highly selective ratiometric chemosensor for Hg(II) ions. In the last part, we synthesized a two-station [2]catenane composed of an &amp / #960 / -electron rich bis-1,5-dihydroxynapthalene[38]-crown-10 (1/5DNPC10) ring interlocked with a second macrocycle containing two &amp / #960 / -electron deficient unit, namely, napthodiimide (NpI) and bipyridinium (BIPY)2+ unit using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition reaction. The resulting bistable [2]catenane is isolated as a single co-conformation which is comprised of the 1/5DNP[38]C10 ring around the NpI unit. Thermal activation of the pure NpI-isomer at 70&amp / #730 / C for 60 h leads to the formation of the BIPY2+-isomer by virtue of the circumrotation of the crown-ether ring along the backbone of the other macrocycle over the steric barrier of the tetra-aryl methane units. The energy barrier for the circumrotation is 28.5&plusmn / 0.3 kcal/mol. Electrochemistry of a 1:1 mixture of the two possible isomers shows that the [2]catenane cannot be switched mechanically on account of the large steric barriers presented by the tetra-aryl methane groups on the electron-accepting ring.

L'imagerie de fluorescence s'est particulièrement développée au fil de ces dernières décennies notamment pour l'exploration des systèmes biologiques. De nombreux développements portant à la fois sur les instruments d'analyse et les agents de contraste (sondes) ont été entrepris pour améliorer cette technique de bioanalyse. Mes travaux de thèse avaient pour but d'explorer diverses plateformes moléculaires pro-fluorescentes pouvant générer, sous l'effet d'un stimulus biologique / chimique, un fluorophore organique. Cette approche de synthèse chimique in-situ met en jeu des réactions domino caractérisées par la formation et la rupture de liaisons covalentes. Ce processus devrait ouvrir la voie à des sondes fluorogéniques possédant des rapports signal sur bruit élevés. Cette étude avait aussi pour but d'étudier la synthèse in-situ de fluorophores déclenchée par plusieurs stimuli afin de concevoir des portes logiques moléculaires de type "AND", dans un but de détection "multi-analytes". Pour établir la preuve de principe, la formation d'un coeur 7-hydroxy-2-iminocoumarine fluorescent déclenchée par divers couples d'enzymes (hydrolase / nitroréductase) a été étudiée. L'ensemble de ces travaux sont décrits dans le chapitre I de ce manuscrit. Par la suite et comme présenté dans les chapitres II et III, notre intérêt s'est porté sur le développement des plateformes fluorogéniques libérant des fluorophores ayant des maxima d'absorption / émission décalés vers le rouge en comparaison de ceux des coumarines. Une première réalisation a concerné la conception d'un précurseur "cagé" agissant comme sonde à peptidases ou nitroréductase par libération d'un dérivé pyronine. Des travaux portant sur la formation in-situ d'une benzophénoxazine sont également en cours et sont présentés au chapitre III. Un dernier aspect de ce travail a concerné la chimie d'une nouvelle famille de fluorophores proche-IR (les hybrides dihydroxanthène-hémicyanine) dont la formation in-situ pourra être envisagée pour des applications in-vivo. / Fluorescence imaging is a growing field of biology over the past decades. Intensive works mainly focused on instrumental developments and chemistry of contrast agents (probes), were already done to improve such bioanalytical technique. The main goal of this Ph. D. thesis was to explore various fluorogenic molecular platforms responsive to various (bio)chemical stimuli and capable of releasing organic fluorophores in the biological medium to analyze. This approach named "in-situsynthesis" is based on domino reactions belonging to the repertoire of "covalent chemistry", triggered by the target (bio)analyte. This kind of process should provide advanced fluorogenic probes with high signal-to-noise ratio. Another purpose of this work was to investigate some dualtriggering events to access to fluorogenic molecules acting as "AND-type" molecular logic gates for dual-analytes detection applications. To establish this approach, the formation of highly fluorescent7-hydroxy-2-iminocoumarin scaffolds triggered by several enzyme pairs (hydrolase and nitroreductase) was studied and now described in the first chapter of this manuscript. The second part of this work, described in chapters II and III, was devoted to the development of original "caged" precursors able to release fluorophores whose absorption / emission maxima are dramatically redshifted compared to those of coumarin derivatives. The first achievement concerned the detection of protease or nitroreductase activities through in-situ formation of a pyronin scaffold. Further works, currently in progress, are focused on "caged" precursors whose the dual reaction with a model protease should lead to the release of a benzophenoxazine derivative. Finally, some chemistry aspects related to an emerging and promising class of NIR fluorophores (dihydroxanthene-hemicyanine hybrids) are presented and the opportunity to form them in biological media, upon enzymatic triggering is also discussed.