Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Timothy P. Stanton, Edward B. Thornton. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1997. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 365-389).

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The Monterey Bay sea breeze varies because of the influence of features such as inversions, clouds, synopticscale flow, and topography. The sea breeze is important because it impacts fire weather, air pollution, agriculture, and aviation operations, among other things. Analyses are conducted using a multi-quadric based program, which incorporates aircraft data, surface observations, and profiler data, to investigate the Monterey Bay sea breeze during 01-31 August 2003. Factors including inversions, cloud cover, amount of heating, distribution of heating, synoptic-scale flow, and topography are studied to determine their influence on the sea breeze. Six days are selected that best illustrate the factors that influence the structure of the Monterey Bay sea breeze. Results show that offs hore flow weakened the strength of the sea breeze and decreased the depth. A cooling trend in surface temperatures at the end of August also weakened the strength of the sea breezes and decreased the depth. Clouds are present during this period, which influenced the amount of heating, and consequently, the sea breeze response. The presence of a marine layer weakened the thermal gradient that in turn, weakened the sea breeze circulation. / Lieutenant Junior Grade, United States Naval Reserve

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Moored current meters were used to describe currents over the continental slope off Monterey Bay, California, from March 1998 to March 2003. The water depth at this location was 1800 m and current observations included of 16-88 m, 210- 290 m, 305 m and 1200 m although measurements at 16-88 m were not continuous. Poleward currents dominated the flow between 24 and 305 m. At 305 m the mean flow was 3.9 cm/s toward 334ʻ. Surprisingly, at 1200 m the mean flow reversed and was 0.8 cm/s toward 169ʻ. The principal axis for the flow at 305 m (1200 m) was 349ʻ (350ʻ), the semi-major axis was 9.4 cm/s (5.8 cm/s) and the semi-minor axis 3.4 (2.0 cm/s). The direction of the principal axis and the mean flow at 1200 m was aligned with the bathymetry to the east of the mooring site. The seasonal cycle at 305 m was dominated by an acceleration of the poleward flow from a minimum near zero on April 15 to maximum, 25 cm/s on July 15. This flow resulted in an increase of temperature at 305 m of 1.2ʻC due to geostrophic adjustment and a corresponding 10 cm increase in sea level due to steric effects. The acceleration of alongshore flow was out of phase with the alongshore pressure gradient which was greatest in mid- April. At 1200 m, the temperature increase (0.2ʻC) only lasted from April 15 to June 1 after which equatorward flow increased and temperature decreased. Mesoscale variability dominated the velocity measurements with maximum variance at about 60- day periods. At 305 m, the eddy kinetic energy was greatest (smallest) in October (December), 40 cm2/s2 (4 cm2/s2) while at 1200 m the maximum (minimum) occurred in July (February), 5 cm2/s2 (0.5 cm2/s2). Poleward events were stronger at 305 m while equatorward events were stronger at 1200 m. The three first empirical orthogonal functions explained 90% of the temporal variability of the horizontal currents. The first, second, and third Z-scores represented flow along the principal axis, undercurrent vs. Davidson current, and upwelling modes, respectively. While the seasonal patterns for the first two modes agreed with seasonal variability described above, the seasonal variability of the upwelling mode (6% of the variance) indicated that the waters between 16 and 88 m flowed onshore during the spring and summer upwelling period. / Commander, Mexican Navy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 356-394).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1995. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-180).

The following seven species of hemiurid trematodes, some with new host records, are reported in this study: Dissosaccus laevis, Genolinea laticauda, Lecithaster salmonis, Parahemiurus merus, Sterrhurus exodicus, Sterrhurus monticelli and Tubulovesicula lindbergi. Dissosaocus laeyis and Sterrhurus monticelli are reported for the first time from the West Coast of North America. Genolinea oncorhynohi Adams and Margolis 1958 is placed in synonymy with Genolinea laticauda Manter 1925. Keys for Genolinea and Tubulovesicula species, modified from Manter (1954) are included. Two tables, one summarizing the hemiurids reported from the West Coast of North America, the other a summary of hemiurids from Monterey Bay, California, encountered in this study, are also included.

An increase in marine mammal stranding and die-off events has been observed along the California coast. The exact cause to explain for these recent events is unknown, but El Niño and harmful algal blooms are established sources for temporary decreases in marine mammal health. To determine whether El Niño could be causing and amplifying harmful algal blooms, particularly in Monterey Bay where they occur frequently, data was analyzed from the Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California. Data analysis focused on California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), because they have the largest data set and are directly affected by harmful blooms from domoic acid. Results indicated that El Niño events could be significantly harming California sea lions in Monterey Bay during the fall season. Because agricultural runoff is a known factor in causing harmful algal blooms and Monterey Bay experiences them consistently, online research was conducted on agricultural activity, agricultural runoff and nitrogen contamination from fertilizer in the water-sheds surrounding Monterey Bay. Nitrogen contamination from agricultural use is a prominent issue, therefore, I proposed some possible solutions, including cap and trade, a water recycling plant, and eco-certification, to minimize nitrogen’s impact on the environment and wildlife while allowing farmers to continue using nitrogen on crops.