The Jewish group offers a picture different in certain ways from other racial and ethnic minorities in Montreal and in Canada. The main period of its history in Canada begins about 1900. In Montreal a small, compact nucleus of Jewish population in the nineteenth century has expanded and developed into a large, comparatively heterogeneous and widely scattered, yet solidly integrated, self-conscious community. The changing ecological pattern of the Jewish community is traced, in relation to the growth of the city of Montreal as a whole* Informal habits, as well as formal structures, reveal the differences in adjustment and assimilation between different elements within the Jewish community, these differences being shown to coincide rather closely with those of successive areas of settlement in the city. Complete assimilation has been achieved by few, if any, of the members of this community; the completely unassimilated type is likewise practically non-existent.

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The idea of establishing a denominational college for young women in the Anglican Deanery of Bedford was first submitted to the Montreal's Synod in 1873. Following a contest which was held between local municipalities, the overwhelmingly Anglo-Protestant rural village of Dunham won the honors and six years later, the Dunham Ladies' College (the college would become St. Helen's School in 1913) opened its doors. This thesis examines the reactions and readjustments of the Anglican Church, and those of their followers, attributable to its disestablishment (in the 1840's and 1850's) and to the rise of liberalism and to the transformation of traditional social order that went on in the same age. The example that we have selected---the DLC/ SHS---will allow us to scrutinize de 1870 to 1930 period. It will demonstrate the importance of religion in the construction of women's social identities: education being a means borrowed by the local and diocesan Anglican elite (both lay and ecclesiastical ones) to promote the new spiritual mandate of the Church and a conservative vision of social organization. The elite's men wished for the DLC/SHS to be an oasis of peace and of purity, the ideal place for young ladies to become gentlewomen. Throughout our study of the methods employed for their education, we will demonstrate how this elite planned the education of these young ladies in a way that would insure their becoming conveyances of the values necessary for the implementation of a spiritual Anglican society.

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Using the social sciences, demography and cultural history, this thesis examines the Irish Protestants of Montreal between 1834 and 1860. Its main focus is the communal identity that had both an Irish and British basis. Using national and political societies such as the Saint Patrick Society, Irish Protestant Benevolent Society as well as the Orange Order, the thesis demonstrates how the identity of the Irish Protestant was forged from relationships with other cultural groups of the city. Central to the development of a Protestant Irish communal identity separate from that of Irish Catholics was the increasing presence of Ultramontanism in the Saint Patrick Society, which Protestants were originally a part of. This prompted the Irish Protestants to form their own national society, (the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society) and to expand common interests based on Protestantism.