• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Caractérisation des sites d'insertion du transposon mariner Mos 1 / Mariner Mos1 insertion sites characterisation

Crenes, Gwénaëlle 07 May 2009 (has links)
L’élément mariner Mos1 est un élément mobile de classe II, sans spécificité d’insertion évidente, hormis un dinucléotide TA dupliqué lors de l’insertion. Pourtant, des travaux antérieurs révèlent l’existence de deux sites préférentiels d’insertion : le gène bactérien cat, codant une chloramphénicol acétyl-transférase et le locus du rDNA chez Caenorhabditis elegans. Le premier objectif de ce travail a été d’évaluer l’attractivité du gène cat dans différents contextes plasmidiques et chromosomiques, par des tests in vitro et en bactéries. Le second objectif était de faire le point sur les sites d’insertions de l’élément Mos1 à partir des données disponibles in vitro et in vivo. Une analyse statistique a révélé que l’insertion de Mos1 était préférentiellement ciblée dans des TA regroupés en motifs TATA ou TAxTA, ou localisés dans des régions riches en AT. Pour finir, le gène cat a servi de modèle pour déterminer que, si la courbure et la flexibilité de l’ADN n’expliquaient pas l’attractivité des sites préférentiels, la sélection du site d’insertion de Mos1 était dépendante de l’hélicité de la cible et que l’intervention de facteurs protéiques codés par l’hôte n’est pas à exclure. / The mariner Mos1 element is a class-II transposable element with no obvious insertion specificity, without TA dinucléotide duplicated during transposition. However, two insertion hotspots were previously suspected: the bacterial cat gene, encoding a chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase, and rDNA locus in Caenorhabditis elegans. In a first time, this work aims at investigate the cat gene attractiveness in different plasmidic or chromosomic supports, using in vitro and in bacteria assays. Secondly, we aims at synthesize what is known about Mos1 insertion sites in vitro and in vivo. Statistical analyzes showed that Mos1 insertions preferentially occurred in TA dinucléotides clusterred in TATA or TAxTA, or located in AT-rich regions. Hotspots attractiveness could not be related with DNA curvature or bendability, but supercoiling is essential for the cat gene to be a hotspot. The cat gene was used as a model to determine that influence of host proteic factor in integration target selection could not be excluded.
2

Improving mariner transposons for transgenesis

Trubitsyna, Maryia January 2014 (has links)
Transgenesis is a process of introducing foreign genetic material into the genomes of living organisms. One of the tools for transgenesis are the transposable elements (TEs), which include transposons. Transposons are naturally occurring sequences of DNA which are recognised, excised and inserted into a new location by a single enzyme – transposase. Here we show studies of the biophysical properties and activities of two highly related eukaryotic TEs of the mariner family: Mos1 from Drosophila mauritiana and Mboumar-9 (Mbo9) from Messor bouviery. Using biochemical and molecular methods we examined the properties of transposases in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant transposases were expressed in E.coli and purified using HPLC. Each protein’s activity was assayed for cleavage, integration and the whole transposition reaction. We used a modelling approach to predict the structure of the complex of Mbo9 transposase bound to the specific terminal sequences of the transposon, the paired end complex (PEC), based on the published crystal structure of Mos1 PEC. We have found that both transposases are elongated dimers in solution and that the first helix-turn-helix domain is involved in the protein dimerization. Moreover we show that mariner transposases cut one of the imperfect inverted repeats more efficiently than the other. The terminal nucleotide of the inverted repeat is important for integration of the transposon into a new target DNA, while having no effect at the stage of cleavage. Previously, neither Mos1 nor Mbo9 had been shown to have significant activity in mammalian cells. We have developed a new assay that allows chromosomal integration of the desired DNA sequence in vivo in bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells without the use of helper plasmids or mRNA injection. We found the optimal combination of inverted repeats for each of the transposons and have enhanced the transposition efficiency of Mbo9 by changing the sequence of its inverted repeat DNA. This study is a foundation for improving mariner TEs for transgenesis.
3

Mécanismes de transposition et de régulation de la transposase de l'élément mariner Mos1 / Mecanisms of transposition and regulation of the mariner Mos1 element

Bouchet, Nicolas 23 October 2009 (has links)
L’élément mariner Mos1 est un élément transposable de classe II qui code une transposase, l’enzyme permettant aux transposons de se déplacer dans les génomes. Cette transposase possède un coeur catalytique DDE similaire à celui des intégrases rétrovirales. Mon travail de thèse a consisté en l’étude de la transposase de Mos1, sous différents aspects. Mes résultats complètent le modèle de transposition précédemment établi au laboratoire et apportent une nouvelle vision de la formation du complexe synaptique qui permet l’excision de transposon du site donneur. Mes travaux ont également permis d’identifier le domaine de liaison à l’ADN de la transposase comme un domaine de type CRO. L’étude de la régulation de l’activité de la transposase, qui est phosphorylée, m’a permis d’élargir le modèle de transposition de Mos1 au contexte cellulaire eucaryote, et des études d’ingénierie de la protéine posent la question de l’impact des facteurs d’hôtes lors de la transposition de Mos1. Enfin, des inhibiteurs de la transposase de Mos1 ont été identifiés et leur mode d’action caractérisé. Ces composés présentent également une activité sur l’intégrase du VIH-1 et une autre transposase à cœur catalytique DDE. / The Mos1 mariner element is a Class II transposable element, encoding a transposase, which is the enzyme allowing them to move in the genomes. This transposase has a DDE catalytic core like the retroviral integrases. My work consisted in studying the Mos1 transposase, under different aspects. My results complete the model of transposition previously established in the laboratory and bring a new vision of the formation of synaptic complex, which allows excision of the transposon donor site. The DNA-binding of Mos1 transposase has also been identified as a CRO-like domain. Work on regulation of the activity of Mos1 transposase, which is phosphorylated, allowed me to expand the model of Mos1 transposition in a eukaryotic cell context. The engineering of the protein were also conducted and questions about the impact of host factors on Mos1 transposition. Inhibitors of Mos1 transposase have been identified and characterized. These compounds also inhibit HIV-1 integrase and an other DDE transposase.

Page generated in 0.0365 seconds