The thesis introduces the user to programming in Simscape language. A permanent magnet synchronous machine torque control drive system for hybrid electric vehicles has been analyzed, programmed, using Simscape language, and tested in this thesis. The thesis walks the reader through the process of creating custom components in Simscape language explaining details and syntax of the language at every step. Important excerpts of code for all the components designed, created and used in the process are explained in the thesis and the complete code for the same is provided in the Appendix. ix

Obsahem této diplomové práce byla vhodnost využití turbodmychadla s přidruženým motor-generátorem pro vybrané typy hybridních vozidel a následná analýza energetických toků pro danou motorovou aplikaci. Přístup prezentovaný v práci zahrnuje termodynamický model motoru v programu GT-SUITE ve kterém jsou zkoumány možnosti energetických toků při změně velikost turbínového a kompresorového kola turbodmychadla. Přistup je aplikován na turbodmychadlo s variabní geometrií lopatek s přidruženým motor generátorem pro donáškové vozidlo, kde je možné při různých zatíženích motoru rekuperovat energii z turbodmychadla. Zároveň byli zjištěny možnosti snížení spotřeby paliva v určitých provozních bodech motoru.

The thesis discusses the development of closed loop system to control the DC voltage for 200 kW induction generator rated at a speed of 62000 RPM under different load conditions. The voltage regulation has been implemented using PI controller. A gain scheduling control algorithm has been developed to select the appropriate controller gains with respect to the generator load. Further, a relationship between the generator loads and the controller gains has been established. This relationship has been modeled using adaptive control technique to vary the gains automatically at any load condition. The adaptive control technique has been successfully generalized for real time DSP implementation to regulate the DC voltage for high speed induction generators rated from 5 kW to 200 kW.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Motor generator sets are widely used to generate electricity in case of grid failure or to supply part of the demand for commercial and industrial consumers. The vast majority of motor generator sets work with constant speed proportional to the grid frequency or to the frequency that is imposed on the load. As a consequence, the motor operates at a speed that does not always correspond to the speed that provides the lowest fuel consumption and/or lower emissions. Aiming to promote degrees of freedom to optimize the performance of motor generator sets, this dissertation describes a control and supervision method for motor generator sets with variable speed where the internal combustion motor is not directly linked to grid frequency. For this, a method of control and supervision for the converters which are inserted between the generator and the grid is developed in details. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. / Grupos motores geradores são largamente utilizados para a geração de energia elétrica em caso de falta na rede ou para suprir parte da demanda dos consumidores comerciais e industriais. Na sua grande maioria, grupos motores geradores trabalham com velocidade constante proporcional à frequência da rede ou à frequência que está sendo imposta à carga. Desta forma, o motor opera a uma velocidade que nem sempre corresponde à velocidade que proporciona o menor consumo de combustível e/ou menor emissões de gases poluentes. Visando promover graus de liberdade para otimizar o desempenho de grupos motores geradores, esta dissertação descreve um sistema de controle e supervisão para grupos motores geradores que operam em velocidade variável onde a rotação do motor de combustão interna não está diretamente vinculada com a frequência da rede. Para tanto, propõe-se a utilização e desenvolve-se em detalhes um método de controle e supervisão para os conversores que são inseridos entre o gerador e a rede. Por fim, são apresentados resultados de simulação e experimentais que comprovam o desempenho do método proposto.

The scope of this thesis investigates value added by a turbocharger with an associated motor-generator unit to a diesel engine used by a commercial vehicle. A thermodynamic model of the engine was prepared in GT-SUITE software. Case studies were primary focused on a reduction of specific fuel consumption as well as a nitrogen oxides production using an energy recuperation of exhaust gas. Furthermore, there are described potential benefits of using an electric assistance in order to increase an exhaust gas temperature during a steady state engine operation. Additionally, there is an investigation of potential benefits of a turbocharger assistance in a transition engine mode operating during rapid acceleration of the vehicle. The results of individual analysis will be taken into account for a selection of turbocharger regarding specific engine implementation. The results of simulation suggest that it is possible to lower specific fuel consumption, production of nitrogen oxides, as well as accelerate turbocharger response.

Orientador: Dionízio Paschoareli Júnior / Resumo: Resumo / Doutor

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The subject of this work is to present a switched reluctance machine (SRM) driver capable to control the machine as a motor/generator, allowing the transition between the modes of operation while the machine is running. Six load voltage control strategies developed to be applied to a switched reluctance generator was performed, being that the strategies AV2, TBV, Hi and AMV was developed in this work. A SRM simulation able to represent the machine as a motor/generator was implemented and the results were presented. The load voltage strategies showed in this work was tested through simulations and the results indicate that the strategy called AV2 was the best one, providing a better utilization of the mechanical energy from the primary source. A prototype was assembled and the experimental results showed that the machine operating as a motor/generator operate properly and all the load voltage strategies developed to switched reluctance generator kept the voltage on the load near to the reference value confirming the functionality of the strategies. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um acionamento capaz de controlar a máquina de relutância variável (MRV) como motor e como gerador, permitindo a transição de modos de operação com a máquina girando. Seis técnicas de controle de tensão na carga da máquina operando como gerador foram implementadas, sendo que as estratégias AV2, TBV, Hi e AMV foram desenvolvidas neste trabalho. Uma simulação da MRV capaz de representar a operação da máquina como motor/gerador foi desenvolvida e os resultados foram apresentados. As estratégias de controle de tensão na carga foram testadas através de simulação. Comparações entre as mesmas demonstraram que a estratégia AV2 é a que proporciona maior geração de energia elétrica, demonstrando a importância de se adicionar uma etapa de roda livre ao controle do GRV com malha fechada de tensão na carga. Um protótipo foi construído no laboratório utilizando DSP e resultados experimentais da máquina operando como motor/gerador, assim como resultados do GRV controlado pelas estratégias de controle de tensão na carga foram apresentados e discutidos. / Doutor em Ciências

This paper focuses on the Double Fed Induction Machine in the Pumped Storage Power Plants. It includes listing of this plants in the world, where such a technology is used; principle of Double Fed Induction Machine, its usage with variable speed, advantages and disadvantages and also experience of its usage.

This thesis develops dynamic models for the two-mode FWD EVT, develops a control system based on those models that is capable of meeting driver torque demands and performing synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes while also accommodating preferred engine operating points. The two-input two-output transmission controller proposed herein incorporates motor-generator dynamics, is based on a general state-space integral control structure, and has feedback gains determined using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization. Dynamic modeling of the vehicle is categorized as dynamic modeling of the mechanical and electrical subsystems where the mechanical subsystem consists of the planetary gear sets, the transmission and the engine whereas the electrical subsystem consists of the motor-generator units and the battery pack. A discussion of load torque is also considered as part of the mechanical subsystem. With the help of these derived dynamic models, a distinction is made between dynamic output torque and steady-state output torque. The overall control system consisting of multiple subsystems such as the human driver, power management unit (PMU), friction brakes, combustion engine, transmission control unit (TCU) and motor-generator units is designed. The logic for synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes is also detailed as part of the control system design. Finally, the thesis presents results for responses in individual operating modes, EVT mode shifting and a full UDDS drive cycle simulation.

The thesis deals with Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) and associated problems of backup power in case of unexpected outages of electricity. Start of work is dedicated to limitation of the electricity supplies, as well as their causes and consequences. Furthermore, brief history of UPS and subsequently distinguish between UPS’s architectures. There is also a description of the energy sources such as batteries, flywheels or fuel cells. Part of thesis describes security of electricity supply in health care facilities, including requirements for emergency power. The own design of UPS is described in the end.